亲水凝胶包覆乙草胺的药效及在玉米幼苗中的吸收富集研究  

Efficacy of Hydrogel Encapsulated Acetochlor and Its Uptake and Bioconcentration by Maize Seedlings

作　　者：高琪 杨晶莹 张素芬[1] 叶庆富[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学原子核农业科学研究所/农业部核农学重点实验室,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《核农学报》2018年第3期569-575,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21507110);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0200201)

摘　　要：农药剂型改良和施用方法研究已成为农药开发与应用中的重点之一。为探究亲水凝胶包覆(HGE)农药的安全性,以HGE-乙草胺为研究对象,探究其除草活性;同时,利用放射性同位素示踪技术,比较了HGE-14C-乙草胺和原药14C-乙草胺在玉米幼苗中的吸收分布、残留和生物富集规律的异同性。结果表明,HGE-乙草胺对杂草的EC90为0.293μg ai·g^(-1),低于田间推荐乙草胺浓度的下限(0.373μg ai·g^(-1)),表现出较高除草活性,但与原药相比,HGE-乙草胺的除草活性在一定程度有所降低;玉米幼苗对HGE-乙草胺及其原药的吸收量均较小,且对前者的吸收显著低于后者(P<0.05),其吸收量分别为引入量的3.60%和4.04%(处理后15 d),HEG处理可降低乙草胺在玉米体内的残留;玉米幼苗地上部对HGE-乙草胺活性成分的生物富集系数(9.98)显著低于原药(12.35)。与原药相比,田间使用HGE-乙草胺可能对玉米生长更安全。本研究为HGE-乙草胺的合理使用提供了基础数据,并为深入了解HGE型农药的安全性提供了科学依据。Improvement of pesticide formulations and application methods has already become one of the key research direction of the development and application of pesticides. To explore the security of hydrogel encapsulated（ HGE）pesticide,in this study,we investigated the efficacy of HGE-acetochlor on Kentucky bluegrass（ Poaannua L.） under laboratory conditions. In addition,the comparison of the uptake,residue and bioconcentration of HGE- ^（14）C-acetochlor and ^（14）C-acetochlor in maize（ Zea mays L.） seedlings were observed by means of ^（14）C-isotope tracing method. The main results are as follows： The EC90 of HGE-acetochlor was 0. 293 μg ai·g^（-1）,which was lower than the minimum of the recommended concentration of acetochlor（ 0. 373 μg ai·g^（-1）） in the field,indicating the high herbicidal activity of HGEacetochlor. But compared with the acetochlor,the hydrogel encapsulating process still reduced the herbicidal activity of effective components at a certain extent. The uptake of both HGE- ^（14）C-acetochlor and ^（14）C-acetochlor by maize seedlings was limited. At 15 day after treatment,the absorption of HGE- ^（14）C-acetochlor and ^（14）C-acetochlor by maize seedlings were 3. 60% and 4. 04% of the applied amount respectively. The absorption of active ingredients derived from HGE-acetochlor was significantly lower than acetochlor in maize seedlings（ P 0. 05）,which means that hydrogel encapsulating inhibited the maize seedlings on the absorption of acetochlor. The bioconcentration factors of HGE- ^（14）C-acetochlor（ 9. 98） in the shoot of maize seedlings were less than ^（14）C-acetochlor（ 12. 35）,which suggested that HGEacetochlor may be safer for the growth of maize in the field comparing with acetochlor. This article supplied basic data for the rational use of HGE-acetochlor,and provided a scientific basis for further understanding of the safety of HGEpesticides.

关 键 词：乙草胺 亲水凝胶 药效 吸收 富集 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学] S513[农业科学—植物保护]