中国9个典型行业育龄女工的不孕状况及相关因素分析  

Analysis on infertility status and influencing factors of female workers among reproductive age in China＇s nine industries

作　　者：邢再玲[1] 俞文兰[1] 徐茗[1] 于常艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所妇女劳动卫生与生殖健康室,北京100050

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2018年第2期134-140,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查中国9个典型行业育龄女工的不孕状况及其相关因素。方法采用多阶段抽样方法，于2016年1—11月对我国医药卫生、石油化工、冶金、铁路、机械制造、电子等9个行业33 685名育龄女工的不孕状况进行横断面调查。首先在华北、华中、华南等7个地区,均随机抽取3个省会城市，然后将抽中的省会城市的职业病防治院所管辖范围内的女工人数〉500名的目标行业的企业进行编号，随机抽取5个企业，对抽中的企业内符合本研究纳入标准的女工，开展生殖健康调查。利用《女工生殖健康调查问卷》收集女工人口学状况、职业情况及生殖状况等数据。采用χ2检验进行影响不孕的单因素分析；利用多因素logistic回归模型进行女工不孕的多因素分析。结果9个行业女工的年龄为（35.98±7.98）岁。其1年不孕率为24.81%（8 358/33 685）,2年不孕率为13.47%（4 537/33 685）, 3年不孕率为10.78%（3 632/33 685）。相对于华东地区，华南地区的女工不孕率最高（OR=1.90, 95%CI： 1.66～2.17）；相对于无工作的妇女,铁路行业（OR=1.68, 95%CI： 1.43～1.98）和金融行业（OR=1.64, 95%CI： 1.38～1.95）女工不孕率较高；与非暴露组相比，职业暴露重金属（OR=1.15, 95%CI： 1.04～1.27）和职业暴露有害物理因素（OR=1.09, 95%CI： 1.01～1.17）均是不孕的相关因素。结论9个行业的女工不孕率较高，地区、行业、职业暴露重金属、职业暴露物理性有害因素是不孕的影响因素。Objective To investigate the infertility rate and influencing factors of female workers in China＇s nine industries.Methods Using multi-stage sampling method, from January to November in 2016. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the infertility of 33 685 female workers in the nine industries including medical and health, petrochemical, metallurgy, railway, machinery manufacturing and electronics,a questionnaire survey. First, three provincial capitals were randomly selected in seven regions. And then we consulted and communicated with the hospital of the provincial city＇s occupational disease prevention and treatment, marking and coding the target enterprise within its jurisdiction, In these enterprises, we randomly selected five companies. Finally, all women workers who meet the inclusion criteria were surveyed in those enterprises which were drawn. Use the＂female workers reproductive health questionnaire＂ to collect female workers demographic status, occupational status and reproductive status and other data. The single factor analysis of infertility was performed by chi-square test. Multivariate analysis of infertility was carried out by logistic regression model.Results The age of female workers in the nine industries was （35.98±7.98） years. The infertility rate for one year of female workers in typical industry was 24.81% （8 358/33 685）, the infertility rate for two years being13.47% （4 537/33 685）, the infertility rate for two years being 10.78% （3 632/33 685）. Compared to the east China region, the infertility rate was the highest in the south region （OR=1.90, 95%CI： 1.66-2.17）. Compared to non-working women, the infertility rate was the highest among railroad （OR=1.68, 95%CI： 1.43-1.98） and financial industries （OR=1.64, 95%CI： 1.38-1.95）. Occupational exposure to heavy metals （OR=1.15, 95%CI：1.04-1.27） and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors （OR=1.09, 95%CI：1.01-1.17） were infertility risk factors.Conclusion The infertility rate

关 键 词：生殖 职业卫生 女工 生殖健康 不孕 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]