论明代人殉制度的废除  

On the Abolition of the Human Sacrifice in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：唐天航 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史系,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《大庆师范学院学报》2018年第2期120-124,共5页Journal of Daqing Normal University

摘　　要：人殉,即用活人为死者殉葬,以卑者殉尊者。我国人殉制度有着深厚的历史渊源,人殉出现于原始社会末期,盛行于奴隶制时代,汉至宋代逐渐式微,到了元明清时期又死灰复燃,犹以明朝为最。明太祖朱元璋首开人殉之制,历太祖、成祖、仁宗、宣宗和景帝五位皇帝,至英宗才被废止。明朝人殉制度的废除受当时社会思潮的影响,已有大势所趋之向且与明英宗有着紧密的联系。人殉制度的存在目的是为了维护至高无上的皇权和严格的等级制度,明朝人殉制度的废除是社会文明与等级制度冲突的表现。Human Sacrifice,as the name suggests,means burying the living alive for sacrifice to thedead,specifically,the low-classes sacrifice for the high-classes. China＇s human sacrifice had a longand profound cultural history,first appearing in the primitive society,prevailing in the era of slavery,declining from the Han to the Song Dynasties,resurging in the Yuan and Qing Dynasties,and achievingits peak in the Ming Dynasty. Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang first started Human Sacrifice;Ming Taizu,Ming Chengzu,Ming Renzong,Ming Xuanzong and Ming Jingdi followed;Ming Yingzong abolished it.The abolition of the Human Sacrifice in the Ming Dynasty was a result of the social ideological trendsand the emperor＇s decision. The Human Sacrifice was originally aiming at maintaining the supreme imperial power and a strict hierarchical system,and its abolition shows the clash of human civilization andhierarchical system.

关 键 词：明朝 人殉制度 明英宗 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]