豫东不同树龄梨园土壤微生物生态特征  

Soil Microbial Ecological Characteristics of Pear Orchard with Different Ages in Eastern Henan Province

作　　者：马丽 

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生物与食品学院植物与微生物互作重点实验室,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第1期37-42,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(142102310484;162102110092);商丘师范学院校级青年骨干教师资助项目(2016GGJS10)

摘　　要：为评估不同树龄梨园中的微生物生态特征,研究了豫东地区不同树龄梨园土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量变化特征。结果表明,梨园土壤有机质含量随树龄和土壤深度的增加而降低;土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性均随土层深度增加而降低,蔗糖酶活性随树龄的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,10 a梨园较其他树龄梨园高6.42%~24.02%;梨园土壤微生物类群以细菌为主,各梨园细菌数量在3.26×10~7~33.96×10~7cfu/g,且随树龄的增加而减少,真菌表现为壮龄梨园(10、22 a)>老龄梨园(53、89 a)>幼龄梨园(3、5 a),各梨园土壤真菌数量在3.71×10~3~21.74×10~3cfu/g,放线菌数量分布则表现为老龄梨园最高,89 a梨园为13.27×10~4cfu/g,比其他梨园高2.64×10~4~9.49×10~4cfu/g,不同土层深度细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均随土层深度增加而减少;相关性分析表明,树龄与土壤有机质含量、细菌数量呈显著负相关,与土壤脲酶活性呈极显著负相关,与放线菌数量表现出极显著正相关。梨园土壤微生物分布与树龄存在着必然的联系,欲提高果树的产量和品质,需合理地进行土壤调控管理。In order to evaluate the microbial ecological characteristics in pear orchards of different ages,the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and soil microbial quantity distribution in different soil depths of pear orchard with six different ages were investigated in Ningling county,Shangqiu,Henan province. The results showed that the soil organic matter content decreased with the increase of age and soil depth. The soil invertase and urease activity decreased with the soil depth increasing. Compared of different ages,the activity of soil invertase activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of tree age. It was highest in 10-year pear orchard,and it was 6. 42% —24. 02% higher than others. The soil microbial groups in different pear orchards were mainly bacteria,and the bacteria number decreased with the tree age increasing. The number of soil bacteria in pear orchard was 3. 26 × 10~7—33. 96 × 10~7 cfu/g. The number of fungi showed the mature pear orchards（ 10 a and 22 a） aged pear orchards（ 53 a and 89 a） young pear orchards（ 3 a and 5 a）,and the number of fungi was 3. 71 × 10~3—21. 74 × 10~3 cfu/g. It was highest of actinomycetes in the aged pear orchards. The average number of actinomycetes in89-year pear orchard reached 13. 27 × 10~4 cfu/g,which was 2. 64 × 10~4—9. 49 × 10~4 cfu/g higher than others. The distribution rule of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in different soil layers was similar,and it decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between age and soil organic matter content,the number of soil bacteria.And age also showed a highly significant negative correlation with the soil urease activity,and a highly significant positive correlation with the number of actinomycetes. The distribution of soil microorganisms in pear orchard is related to the tree age. It is necessary to carry out reasonable soil regulation and management in order to improve the yield and quality

关 键 词：梨园 树龄 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 土壤有机质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]