西藏喜马拉雅山荆子生态地理分布及表型遗传多样性研究  

Ecologo-geographic Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic of ‘Malus rockii Rehd.' in Tibet

作　　者：谢红江[1,2] 李艳锋 陶炼[1,2] 杨文渊[1,2] 代安国 左力[3] 宦云敏 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川成都610066 [2]农业部西南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,四川成都610066 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,西藏拉萨850032

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第2期259-264,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系川西高原综合试验站(CARS-28);四川省创新能力提升工程(2016GYSH-010)

摘　　要：【目的】研究西藏喜马拉雅山荆子生态地理分布及表型遗传多样性。【方法】实地调查及采样研究方法相结合。【结果】西藏喜马拉雅山荆子[Malus rockii Rehd.(M.baccata var.himalaica(Maxim.)Schneid.)]野生居群集中分布区位于北纬28°39'~30°35',东经92°09'~95°12,海拔2800~3300 m,呈带状分布于雅鲁藏布江、尼洋河及其支流的两岸冲积土形成的河床半湿地,或河岸的阔叶林缘或针阔叶混交林缘,处于原始野生状态。调查山荆子自然变异类型表明:树龄最大400年生以上,80~140年生的占35.73%;自然授粉坐果率高,花序坐果3~8个;西藏高海拔区的山荆子无论是果色、果柄长度、果形及果实大小都存在多样性。【结论】结合河流走向、地貌特征、树龄分布及国内外研究进展等分析推断:喜马拉雅山荆子经多年演化、筛选、淘汰形成独特的群体,可能为山荆子组的地理亚中心。【Objective】The ecological geographical distribution and genetic diversity of phenotypic of ‘Malus rockii Rehd. ＇in Tibet were studied.【Method】Ways of field survey and sampling research on Malus rockii Rehd. were adopted.【Result】The concentrated distribution area of its wild population was located at 28°39＇-30°35＇ N,92°09＇-95°12＇E,with altitude from 2800 m to 3300 m,covering the halfmoisture land formed by the alluvial soil at the both sides of The Yarlung Tsangpo River,Niyang River and its branch with zonal distribution,or in the broad-leaved forest margins and broad-leaved mixed forest with a wild state. Different types of natural variation were tested,showing that the oldest tree was 400 years old or above,and individuals whose age were 80-140 years old accounted for 35. 73 %; it has a high fruiting rate with natural pollination,3-8 fruits per inflorescence; the fruit color,length of fruit stalk,fruit shape and fruit size of Malus rockii Rehd. in high altitude area of Tibet were all diverse. 【Conclusion】With the trend of river and geomorphological features,age distribution and the domestic and foreign research progress,after years of evolution,selection and elimination,Malus rockii Rehd. had formed a unique group,and it may be the geographical sub center of M. baccata group.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅山荆子 西藏 地理分布 表型性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]