澳洲坚果‘O.C’激素促脱高效采收技术研究  

Efficient Harvest Ways of ‘O. C' Macadamia Cultivar Using Hormones

作　　者：孔广红[1] 马静[1] 柳觐[1] 倪书邦[1] 贺熙勇[1] 李玉宏[1] 张海文[1] 陶丽[1] 陈丽兰[1] 陶亮[1] 宫丽丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第2期399-403,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760215);云南农垦重点科技计划项目"澳洲坚果激素促脱高效采收方式示范推广"(2013NK02);云南省科研院所技术开发研究专项"澳洲坚果丰产栽培关键技术研究与示范"(2012CF014);热带作物生理生态实验室与分子病理实验室建设(2014DC014);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项课题"澳洲坚果品种选育与丰产栽培技术研究"(RF2016-6)

摘　　要：【目的】为探明乙烯利对澳洲坚果落果的影响,解决澳洲坚果的采收难题,以主栽品种‘O.C’为材料,进行激素促脱高效采收技术研究。【方法】果实采收期对澳洲坚果树体喷施乙烯利混合溶液诱使其落果,对落果情况、最佳喷施时期进行了研究,并对试验树体翌年开花、结果及产量进行了跟踪观测调查分析。开展了2个批次的试验,第1批次试验设置3个乙烯利浓度梯度,分别为0.4、0.65、0.9 g/L,分3个日期进行喷施(7月25日、8月1日、8月7日)。第2批次试验设置4个乙烯利浓度梯度,分别为1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0 g/L。【结果】第1批次试验中,不同浓度相同日期喷施乙烯利混合溶液,落果率随着浓度的增加而升高,浓度为0.9 g/L的落果率最高为65%,而对照仅为8%。第2批次试验中,浓度为1.8 g/L时的落果率最高,达97%,对照的落果率仅为7%。【结论】对澳洲坚果主栽品种‘O.C’喷施乙烯利溶液可以显著地提高落果率,且不影响翌年开花、结果及产量。适宜的乙烯利浓度为1.4~2.0 g/L,最佳喷施时期是果实过自然成熟期。【Objective】In order to reveal the effects of nuts drop by spraying ethephon solution for the convenience of Macadamia harvesting,the cultivar‘O. C＇was used as material to study on the efficient harvest way.【Method】The different concentrations of ethephon solution were sprayed on the Macadamia tree in fruit maturation period,the fruit abscission rate after ethephon spraying were investigated,and the flowering and bearing fruit were determined. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment set up three ethephonconcentration gradients of 0. 4,0. 65,0. 9 g/L and applied on three separate dates on July 25,August 1,August 7. The second experiment set up four ethephon concentration gradient of 1. 4,1. 6,1. 8,2. 0 g/L,applied on the same date on September 13 th.【Result】The nuts abscission was promoted by spraying the concentration of ethephon solution on the same date in the first experiment. Fruit abscission rate was 8 % on untreated trees,however it was 65 % on trees which treated with neutralized solution of ethephon of 0. 9 g/L. In the second experiment,97 % of nuts abscised after the final application compared to only 7 % on untreated trees. 【Conclusion】The fruit abscission rate increased significantly by spraying ethephon solution and the fruits dropped in the same time,which has no effect on flowering,bearing fruit and yields of‘O. C＇macadamia cultivar in the coming year. The appropriate ethephon concentration is from 1. 4 g/L to 2. 0 g/L,and the best spraying date is after nuts maturity.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 'O.C’ 乙烯利 高效采收 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]