“松散同位”在汉语中的语法性质  

The grammatical property of“loose apposition”in Chinese

作　　者：刘探宙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2018年第2期58-69,共12页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要："松散同位"的概念译自英语。汉语相应的语法现象是指"江一,我的一个朋友,要来见你"这样中间有停顿的同指现象。这种语法现象古已有之,但汉语语法界至今对其性质也没有统一的认识,它既跟"插入语"有模糊难断的关系,又跟"他爸爸李刚"这样的同位同指组合长期纠缠在一起。本文从赵元任先生"零句说"的视角论证,以停顿和标点为形式特征的所谓"松散同位",在汉语中就是独立零句,这是由说话人根据听话人的反应随时停下来进行简短提示所采用的话语方式,"松散同位"零句和其前后的零句并置,共同构成了环环相套的链状解释关系流水句。"松散同位"的零句性处理,有利于汉语语法系统的自洽。＂Loose apposition＂ borrowed from an English syntactic concept, which in Chinese refers to two co-referential nominal constituents with a pause and a punctuation mark in-between, such as ＂Jiangyi , wo de yi ge pengyou （, yao lai kan ni.）＂（江一,我的一个朋友,要来看你）. Chinese grammarians have not yet agreed upon the nature of this syntactic phenomenon which has been in use since ancient times. The paper argues that the ＂loose apposition＂ in Chinese and its adjacent constituents are actually juxtaposed minor sentences, which make up an explanatory chain. This is a hearer-oriented discourse strategy, by which the speaker will pause according to the listener＇s responses and give the latter quick notes. The way to treat ＂loose apposition＂ as minor sentences will benefit the consistency of Chinese syntactic system.

关 键 词：松散同位 插入语 零句 引发语一应答语 解释关系 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]