否定词在“对”字句否定式中浮动的制约因素  

On the constraints upon the floating of negation markers in the negative forms of dui-construction

作　　者：李双剑[1] 陈振宇[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际文化交流学院/外国语言文学博士后流动站,200083 [2]复旦大学中国语言文学系,200433

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2018年第2期91-103,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(12AYY001);国家社科基金青年项目(16CYY040);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(13YJA740005);中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助项目(2017M611600);第10批特别资助项目(2017T100306);上海外国语大学校级重大项目(KX161076)的资助

摘　　要："对"字句否定式存在两种语序,即"S+Neg+对+NP+VP"和"S+对+NP+Neg+VP"。"对"字的不同义项、虚拟形式、形式动词、事件静动、事件自主与否、对比焦点等都是制约否定词在"对"字句否定式中浮动的因素。这些制约因素可以从主观性即"焦点制约"和"主观性跃升"得到解释。"焦点制约"是指"对1"(表示朝向)后面的论元角色一般是焦点成分,可以自由否定,而"对2"(表示对待)后面的论元角色一般是主题成分,不能自由否定,但具体操作由说话人的两种策略决定。"主观性跃升"是在说话者表示强烈情感时,汉语有将否定(感叹的焦点)前置到(或上升到)主句VP首部的冲动。The negative forms of dui（对）-construction include two kinds of word order, i.e., S ＋ Neg ＋ dui ＋NP ＋ VP and S ＋ dui ＋ NP ＋ Neg ＋ VP. The two senses of dui, the subjunctive mood, dummy verbs, dynamic and static events, volitional and nonvo- litional events and contrastive focus are all constraints upon the floating of negation markers in the negative forms of dui-construction. Meanwhile, these constraints can be interpreted by subjectivity, namely focus constraint and subjective raising. The meanings of focus con- straint are as follows. （1） the argument of dull is generally a focus and can be negated free- ly; （2） the argument of dui2 is generally a topic and can＇t be negated freely~ （3） the specific operation is decided by the speaker＇s two strategies. Subjective raising means that when a sentence with strong emotion is uttered, the negation markers （exclamative focus） are most likely to be placed in （raised to） the first position of VP in Chinese.

关 键 词：“对”字句否定式 语序 制约因素 主题-焦点 主观性 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]