乌江中上游梯级水库氮磷滞留效应  

Nitrogen and phosphorus retention in cascade reservoirs along the upper reaches of Wujiang River

作　　者：周涛[1] 程天雨 虞宁晓 汪福顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海200444

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第3期707-713,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601003);国家自然科学基金项目(41573064和41273128)资助

摘　　要：目前世界河流普遍面临大规模筑坝拦截现状,原有河流自然形态逐渐向湖泊化转变,研究河流中氮磷营养盐物质的输送通量与滞留效应成了评价水坝水环境情况的关键问题。本研究详细调查了位于乌江流域中上游的洪家渡、东风和乌江渡3座水库的氮磷营养盐分布特征、输送通量及滞留效应。结果表明,洪家渡、东风和乌江渡3座水库TN年平均实际滞留率分别为20.2%、36.0%和-21.1%,TP年平均实际滞留率分别为5.4%、56.5%和-84.9%。3座水库因受到水文条件的不同、建库时间的长短和人为输入等因素影响,氮磷营养盐表现出不同的滞留现象及时空差异性。乌江渡水库氮磷营养盐的年平均滞留率因网箱养鱼的影响表现为负值。东风水库存在明显的氮磷滞留效应。洪家渡水库因受早期淹没植被再降解过程的影响,氮磷营养盐实际滞留效应弱于东风水库。Rivers are generally facing the interception by dams all over the world, leading to the conversion of rivers from natural state into “impounding river”. The transport fluxes and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in the river system are key issues for evaluating the water environmental impact of reservoirs. In this study, three cascade reservoirs （Hongjiadu, Dongfeng and Wujiangdu） along the upper reaches of Wujiang River basin were investigated to understand the distribution patterns, transport fluxes and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in these reservoirs. The annual retention rates of total nitrogen （TN） of Hongjiadu, Dongfeng and Wujiangdu reservoirs were 20.2%, 36.0%, and -21.1%, while that of total phosphorus （TP） were 5.4%,56.5% and -84.9%, respectively. The three reservoirs had different retention effects and spatiotemporal patterns due to differences in hydrologic conditions, reservoir running time and anthropogenic factors. The annual retention rates of TN and TP in Wujiangdu Reservoir were negative due to the influence of cage fishery. However, Dongfeng Reservoir showed obvious nutrient retention. The nutrient retention in Hongjiadu Reservoir was weaker than that in Dongfeng Reservoir because of the degradation of plants previously buried in Hongjiadu Reservoir.

关 键 词：总氮 总磷 滞留效应 网箱养鱼 建库时间 水库运行方式 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]