氮磷供应条件对黄河三角洲滨海湿地植物群落结构的影响  

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on plant community structure of coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：刘晓玲 王光美[1] 于君宝[1,2] 冉越男 管博 韩广轩[1] 王安东[4] 赵亚杰 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [2]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]山东省黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第3期801-809,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-EW-STS-127)、山东省高等学校优势学科人才团队培育计划项目“蓝黄两区滨海资源与环境团队”和山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2011KFJJ003)资助.

摘　　要：人类活动已从氮磷供应总量和供应比例两方面改变了环境的氮磷供应条件,进而影响到生态系统的结构与功能。本研究以氮、磷分别供应量的几何平均值作为氮磷供应总量的度量,设置3个氮磷供应总量水平及3个氮磷供应比例(5∶1、15∶1和45∶1),通过连续两年(2015—2016年)的野外控制试验,研究了氮磷供应条件变化对黄河三角洲滨海湿地植物群落结构的影响。结果显示:氮磷供应总量对黄河三角洲滨海湿地物种多样性影响显著,氮磷供应比例对其则无显著影响且与供应总量无显著交互作用;物种丰富度和Shannon指数均以中供应量下最高,Pielou指数则为低供应量下最高。氮磷供应条件对该区优势物种影响差异明显,碱菀(Tripolium vulgare)、鹅绒藤(Cynanchum chinense)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)重要值受氮磷供应总量和供应比例影响均不显著,碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)和盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)重要值只受氮磷供应总量显著影响,随着供应量的增加,碱蓬重要值显著上升而盐地碱蓬重要值显著下降。氮磷供应条件变化下,碱蓬对群落物种多样性的影响最大,盐地碱蓬次之,芦苇则对其无显著影响。物种多样性和优势物种重要值对氮磷供应条件变化的反馈在年度间存在不同程度的差异,表明黄河三角洲滨海湿地植物群落结构对氮磷供应条件变化的响应也受气温、降雨等自然条件变化的影响。Human activities have significantly altered the environmental N and P status through changing both supply level and ratio, with consequences on ecosystem structure and function. To explore the effects of N and P supply on plant community structure of coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta, a field manipulation experiment combined three supply levels and three N：P supply ratios （5：1, 15：1, 45：1） was conducted in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that the amount of N and P supply had significant effects on species diversity, while N：P supply ratio had neither significant main effects nor interactive effects. Species richness and Shannon index was highest at medium nutrient level, while Pielou index was maximal at low nutrient supply. Dominant species responded differently to the variation of relative supply of N and P. Neither supply level nor N：P supply ratio significantly affected the importance values of Tripolium vulgare,Cynanchum chinenseandPhragmites australis. In contrast, supply level had significant effects on the importance values ofSuaeda glaucaandSuaeda salsa.With the increases of supply level, the importance value ofS. glaucaincreased while that of S. salsadeclined. Under different N and P supply treatments,S. glaucashowed strongest impacts on species diversity, followedbyS. salsa, while P. australias had little influence on species diversity. Meanwhile, the responses of theimportance values of dominant species and species diversity to changes of N and P supply were different between 2015 and 2016, suggesting that the effects of N and P supply condition on plant community structure of coastal wetland would be mediated by air temperature, precipitation and other natural conditions.

关 键 词：氮磷供应比例 氮磷供应总量 物种多样性 优势种 重要值 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]