山东省设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征及影响因素  

Secondary Salinization of Greenhouse Vegetable Soils and Its Affecting Factors in Shandong Province,China

作　　者：李涛 于蕾 吴越 万广华 李建伟 

机构地区：[1]山东省土壤肥料总站,济南250100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2018年第1期100-110,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：调查和分析了山东省设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化特征和影响因素。2014年全省设施菜地(含瓜类)总面积(日光温室、大拱棚含棚间面积)为64.98×10^(4 )hm^2,占全省菜地面积的35.45%,其中,日光温室25.06×10^(4 )hm^2,大拱棚20.94×10^(4 )hm^2,中小拱棚18.98×10^(4 )hm^2。山东省设施菜地土壤盐分离子组成中阴离子以SO_4^(2-)离子为主,阳离子以Ca^(2+)为主。全省设施菜地约39.73%出现不同程度的盐渍化现象,其中,轻度盐渍化为28.64%,中度盐渍化为8.37%,重度盐渍化为2.29%,盐土为0.43%。在不同设施类型中,盐渍化发生程度为:日光温室>大拱棚>中小拱棚;全省17个市设施菜地次生盐渍化发生程度表现出聊城、莱芜、东营相对较高。全省化肥平均施用量(折纯)为1 624 kg hm^(-2),氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)施用量(折纯)分别为559.5、465.2、599.3 kg hm^(-2)。通过分析设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化影响因素发现,化肥的高投入是可溶性盐分增加的一个重要原因,但在实际生产中受各种因素影响,未表现出完全线性相关关系;可溶性盐分增加与种植年限密切相关。典型对应分析发现,施肥数量、种植年限均会影响盐渍化程度,但影响各不相同。氮肥、磷肥和钾肥对K^+和Na^+的影响较大;Ca^(2+)和SO_4^(2-)含量受种植年限影响较大,K^+、Na^+、HCO_3^-和Cl^-受种植年限的影响较小;Mg^(2+)受氮磷钾肥和种植年限的影响均较大。【Objective】Facilitated vegetable cultivation is a general term,encompassing glass greenhouse,sunlight greenhouse and plastic greenhouse,and characterized by high yield and high economic efficiency.However,as facilitated vegetable cultivation is going on in a confined space where temperature,humidity,ventilation and water/fertilizer management,all are different from those in the open field,high fertilizer input,consecutive years of cultivation and improper management make the soils therein liable to have secondary salinization.Shandong Province is an important base of facilitated vegetable production,enjoying great advantages,in China.By studying the soils under greenhouse in Shandong Province and analyze distribution,degree and major causes of secondary salinization in the soils is expected to be able to provide certain data,support and reference for management of secondary salinization in the soils under greenhouse all over the country.【Method】From May to June 2014,soil samples were collected from facilitated vegetable fields in 17 cities of Shandong Province for analysis of total salt and salt content,while a survey was conducted on the farmers.For soil sampling,sampling points were laid out,one every133^333 hm^2,and samples collected evenly from the 0^20 cm soil layer of each sampling point.Soil samples from 8^10 points were blended into one sample.Total soluble salt was determined with the mass method,using water bath,electric ovens,dryer,and 1000ml porcelain evaporating dish;CO3^（2-）and HCO3^-was with the double indicator neutralization method;Cl^-was with the silver nitrate titration method;SO4^（2-）was with the Barium Sulfate Turbidimetry;Ca^2＋and Mg^2＋was with the EDTA complexometric titration;and Na^＋and K^＋was with the flame photometry.For the survey,a questionnaire titled as＂Questionnaire on Basic Situation of Facilitated Vegetable Cultivation＂was distributed for farmers to fill out.It contained the following items：planting type,cropping system,position in land relief,paren

关 键 词：设施菜地 次生盐渍化 典型对应分析 施肥数量 种植年限 山东省 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]