滴灌条件下排水暗管埋深及管径对土壤盐分的影响  

Impacts of Diameter and Depth of Drainage Pipes in Fields under Drip Irrigation on Soil Salt

作　　者：衡通 王振华[1] 李文昊 张金珠 杨彬林 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2018年第1期111-121,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361071);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20B03-3)资助~~

摘　　要：为探索高效节水的暗管排盐技术,通过田间灌溉排水试验,研究了滴灌条件下排水暗管不同管径(50、90 mm)、和不同埋深(0.6、1.0、1.4 m)对土层含盐量分布及脱盐效果的影响。结果表明:两次灌水后各土层脱盐效果差别较大。0~60 cm土层脱盐程度较高,土壤含盐量已降至12 g kg^(-1)以下中度盐化水平,100 cm以下土层脱盐效果不明显;暗管0.6 m埋深脱盐效果优于1.0、1.4 m埋深,总体盐分减少14.34 g kg^(-1),相比未铺设暗管对照减少了13.32 g kg^(-1)。增加暗管埋深至1.4m对暗管降盐效果无显著影响;暗管管径对各土层盐分的影响相对更加显著,90 mm管径相较50 mm管径暗管脱盐效果明显,50、90 mm管径暗管不同埋深0~1.4 m土层脱盐率分别在20.69%~30.20%和34.59%~57.04%之间。暗管埋深0.6 m、管径90 mm时,两次灌水后0~60 cm土层已降至轻度盐化水平(3~6 g kg^(-1)),暗管排水排盐效率较高,为北疆盐渍土的暗管排水最优埋深与管径布设参数。【Objective】To find a water efficient technique using underground drainage pipes to wash off soil salt is an issue that has aroused attention from scientists all over the world,because such a technique would make great valuable contribution to agricultural production and economic returns,especially in regions that have large areas of saline alkali soils. 【Method】 In this paper,a field experiment was conducted with drainage pipes,50 mm or 90 mm in diameters,buried 0.6 m,1.0 m or 1.4 m deep in the field under drip irrigation to explore effect of the usage of drainage pipes on soil salinity,relative to diameter and burial depth of the pipe. 【Result】 The experiment shows that desalinization effect of two rounds of drip irrigation varied from soil layer to soil layer. The effect was the highest in the 0^60 cm soil layer,lowering the soil salt content down below 12 g kg^（-1） or to the moderate salinization level,but the effect was not significant in the soil layers below 100 cm. Drainage pipes buried at 0.6 m in depth were higher than those 1.0 and 1^4 m in depth in desalination effect,reducing soil salt content by 14.34 g kg^（-1） in total,or by 13.32 g kg^（-1） as compared with CK,field without using drainage pipes Pipes buried at 1.4 m had no significant effect on soil desalinization.The pipes different in diameter varied in desalinization effect. Pipes 90 mm in diameter were much higher than those 50 mm. The effect of pipes 50 and 90 mm in diameter varied with burial depth,being in the range of 20.69%^30.20% and 34.59%^57.04%,respectively. 【Conclusion】In the fields with drainage pipes 90 mm in diameter buried 0.6 m in depth,two rounds of drip irrigation reduced soil salinization in the 0^60 cm soil layer to the mild salinization level（3^6 g kg^（-1））,indicating that the technique is high in desalinization efficiency and applicable to the regions of saltaffected soils in Xinjiang. And the findings in this paper may serve as scientific basis for choice of diameter and burial depth of d

关 键 词：滴灌 暗管排水 盐碱土 设计参数 脱盐率 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]