水田改果园后土壤微生物学特性演变  被引量:11

Evolution of Soil in Microbiology after Reclamation of Paddy into Orchard

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作  者:杨东伟[1,2,3] 章明奎 张鹏启[2] 杨永德[3] 

机构地区:[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [2]河南师范大学旅游学院,河南新乡453007 [3]广西大学商学院,南宁530004

出  处:《土壤学报》2018年第1期182-193,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(41571207;71163004);河南师范大学博士启动课题基金项目(qd15152);河南师范大学青年科学基金项目(2016QK33)共同资助~~

摘  要:土地利用变化是人类干扰陆地生态系统的一个重要方面,了解土地利用变化对土壤微生物学性质的影响,在保持生态平衡、促进土壤可持续发展方面具有重要意义。在浙江省杭嘉湖平原相同类型的土壤中选择18个具有代表性的水田和果园表层土壤样品,研究水田改果园后土壤微生物性质的变化。结果表明,水田改果园后,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物商平均降幅分别达44.1%、59.9%和34.0%,并与果园年龄呈极显著负相关(p<0.01);土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量明显下降,降幅达58.1%;养分胁迫显著增强(p<0.01)。冗余分析表明,在水田和果园生态系统中,土壤水分、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷等因子是影响土壤微生物群落组成的最重要环境因子(p<0.01)。土地利用方式转变对土壤微生物多样性的影响要大于土地利用年限的影响。水田是维持土壤微生物多样性的重要生态系统,是重要的碳汇。长期种植果树易引起土壤养分和菌群失衡,并对土壤的可持续性产生负面影响。【Objective】Change in land-use is a crucial aspect of anthropogenic disturbance of terrestrial ecosystems.To assess its impacts on the ecosystems is of vital significance to maintenance of ecosystem functions and promotion of soil sustainability.Soil microbial properties,deemed as important bioindicators of soil health and quality,can be influenced by changes in land-use.Reclamation of paddy into orchard was very common in South China during the last two decades.【Method】In order to further the knowledge about the effects on soil microbial properties,a total of soil samples were collected from surface soil layers of paddy fields and orchards along a chronosequence of cultivation in Shaoxing City,Zhejiang Province,for analysis of soil physicochemical and microbial properties,using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)method,the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)method analyses and some others.The DGGE gel was scanned,for analysis of fingerprints of soil microbes with the aid of the software of QUANTITY ONE 4.6.2,and relationships of soil microbial community with soil physicochemical properties were analyzed using the redundancy analysis(RDA)method.【Result】Results show that the soils under the two types of land use differed significantly in soil physicochemical and microbial properties.The orchard soils were significantly higher in total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK)and available potassium(AK),but relatively lower in water-stable aggregate(0.25 mm),organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN)and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen(AN).Besides,the orchards soils were 44.1%,59.9%and 34.0%lower,respectively,in soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)/total organic carbon(TOC),showing a significant and negative relationship with age of the orchards(p〈0.01).Moreover,the orchards soils were 58.1%lower in soil total microbial phospholipid fatty acids,and significantl

关 键 词:水田 果园 土地利用方式 微生物遗传多样性 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号:S154.1[农业科学—土壤学] S154.36[农业科学—农业基础科学]

 

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