一种安全攸关嵌入式系统需求追踪方法  

A Requirements Traceability Approach for Safety-Critical Embedded System

作　　者：王飞[1] 黄志球[1,2] 杨志斌 阚双龙[1] 沈国华[1] 陈光颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学计算机科学与技术学院,南京211106 [2]软件新技术与产业化协同创新中心,南京210093

出　　处：《计算机学报》2018年第3期652-669,共18页Chinese Journal of Computers

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划项目基金(2015AA105303);GF基础科研重点项目(JCKY2016203B011);国家自然科学基金(61502231)资助

摘　　要：嵌入式系统在航空、航天、核能及交通等安全攸关领域中的广泛应用,使得保障其安全性至关重要.需求可追踪是安全攸关领域标准的基本要求,也是安全性分析与保障的重要前提.当前可追踪性的研究主要集中在需求与代码之间,缺乏需求与设计间可追踪性的研究,而且建立的追踪信息精确性和完整性不高,无法有效地应用于安全攸关领域.针对这一问题,该文提出了一种基于谓词逻辑的需求追踪方法,可以实现嵌入式系统需求内部横向追踪关系和需求与系统设计间纵向追踪关系的自动推导与检验,并通过两种广泛使用的标准语言SysML和AADL分别对系统需求与设计进行建模.首先,定义了一个基于谓词逻辑的形式系统描述制品间的追踪信息,分别给出了SysML需求的横向追踪关系和纵向追踪关系的语义,然后,基于语义模型给出了追踪关系的自动推导与检验规则,用以建立精确、完整的需求追踪关系,基于这些追踪关系可以有效地支持嵌入式系统的安全性分析以及系统的维护与演化.最后,通过一个案例分析说明了该文需求追踪方法的有效性和可行性.Embedded systems have been widely used in safety-critical areas, such as aeronautics, astronautics, nuclear energy, and transportation, and it is of extremely significance to ensure the safety of embedded systems. Requirement traceability is one of the essential requirements in most criteria of safety-critical area, and it is an important prerequisite of safety analysis and guarantee. Existing work on traceability mainly focuses on the traceability between requirements and source code. However, there is a lack of research about traceability between requirements and design. In addition, the traceability information built by existing techniques such as the recovery of trace relations based on information retrieval fIR） is lack of accuracy and completeness. Therefore, it cannot be effectively applied to the development of safety-critical systems. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a requirement traceability method based on the predicate logic. This method can automatically infer the implicit horizontal trace links between requirements and vertical trace links between requirements and design. Moreover, the method also provides a techniqueto check the consistency of these trace links. In order to model reqmrements ana aemgn ior embedded system, two widely-used standard languages： Systems Modeling Language （SysML） and Architecture Analysis ~ Design Language （AADL） are exploited to specify system requirements and its design respectively. Firstly, we give the requirements traceability information model used in our approach, and definition of the semantics of horizontal traceability and vertical traceability based on this model. More precisely, we define the specific relationships of horizontal traceability for SysML requirements, such as decompose, deriveReqt, refine relationships, as well as the specific relationships of vertical traceability between SysML requirements and AADL components. Secondly, we design a predicate logical system based on the requirements traceability information model to for

关 键 词：嵌入式系统 系统需求 设计 可追踪性 谓词逻辑 语义模型 安全性分析 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]