晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种群生态位研究  

Study on Ecological Niche Analysis of Dominant Species in Artificial Plant Communities in Sandy Hill Regions of Northwest Shanxi Province,China

作　　者：韩锦涛 李素清[1,2] 赵德怀 Karsten Liber[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]山西体育职业学院科研中心,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原030006 [3]Toxicology Centre,University of Saskatchewan

出　　处：《山西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期57-65,共9页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271531);国家青年科学基金(41301609);山西省国际合作项目(2012081010)

摘　　要：采用TWINSPAN将晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落87个样方分为11个群丛类型,作为11个综合资源位.采用Levins、Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Petraitis生态位重叠指数,测定了该人工植物群落中16个优势种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠.结果表明:(1)16个优势种群中小叶杨(Populus simonii)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)、达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、沙生冰草(Agropyron desertorum)、鹅观草(Roegneria kamoji)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)的Shannon-Wiener生态位最宽,说明它们在晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落中分布较广,数量较多,对有效资源的利用较充分,对环境有广泛的适应性.(2)不同优势种群在不同人工植物群落内的生态位宽度差异很大,种群生态位宽度越大,对环境的适应能力越强,对资源的利用能力也越强;同一优势种群在不同人工植物群丛内的生态位宽度差异也很大,如沙棘在群落Ⅵ中B1为0.131、B2为2.048,在群落Ⅺ中B1为1、B2为0.3)不同群落类型内生态位重叠越大,种群间的生态相似性越大,利用资源的相似性程度越高.如群丛Ⅲ中(小叶杨-沙棘+柠条锦鸡儿-沙生冰草群丛),各主要种群之间的生态位重叠程度较高,表明该群丛中的主要种群对生态因子有相似的要求.(4)生态位重叠与竞争之间关系在很大程度上受种对间的生物学特性的左右,群落优势种群生态位特征可用于指导混交林营造,如油松-沙棘人工混交林群丛、小叶杨-沙棘人工混交林群丛中,主要种群之间的生态位虽有一定程度的重叠,但总体较低,群落内种间竞争并不十分激烈.说明油松或小叶杨与沙棘适合于在该区立地条件下混交.87 quadrats of artificial plant communities in sandy hill regions of northwest Shanxi Province were divided into 11 associations by Two-Way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN） , which can be used one-dim- ention resource states. Niche breadths and overlaps of 16 dominant species in these artificial plant communities were measured by using the formulas proposed by Levins, Shannon-Wiener and Petraits. The results showed that ： 1 ） The niche breadth （ Shannon-Wiener index） of Populus simonii, Pinus tabulaeformis, Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana korshinskii, Lespedeza davurica, Agropyron desertorum, Roegneria kamoji, Artemisia sacrorum and Cleistogenes squarrosa of the 16 dominant populations among total associations were bigger than the other spe- cies because these 9 species with larger quantities were widely distributed in the artificial plant communities in sandy hill regions of northwest Shanxi Province, they could effectively use resources and widely adapt to the envi- ronment. 2） The niche breadths were great different for some dominant species populations in different artificial plant communities, which was related with their own characteristics and the capabihty of adapting environment. The niche breadths also had great difference to the same dominant species populations in different artificial plants communities. For example, the niche breadths of Levins index （B1） and Shannon-Wiener index （B2） of Hippophae rhamnoides in the Ass. VI were respectively 0. 131 （B1） and 2.048 （B2）, and those of in association XI were respectively 2. 048 （B1） and 0 （B2） . 3 ） The niche overlaps were great for some species pairs with the same or simulate environment requirements. For example, the niche overlaps among the major plant species populations in Ass. III （Populus simonii-Hippophae rhamnoides ＋ Caragana intermedia intermedia-Agropyron deserto- rum） were high, which showed that the major plant species populations in the Ass. III had the similar require- ments for the ecologic

关 键 词：丘陵风沙区 人工植物群落 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X824