维生素D的研究历史  

History review of vitamin D

作　　者：宁志伟[1] 王鸥 邢小平 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院内分泌科,北京100020 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院内分泌科国家卫生和计划生育委员会内分泌重点实验室,北京100730

出　　处：《中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志》2018年第1期39-43,共5页Chinese Journal Of Osteoporosis And Bone Mineral Research

摘　　要：维生素D缺乏是世界范围内的流行病,其主要原因是光照不足。17世纪中叶工业革命席卷欧洲,主要工业城市空气严重污染,造成儿童佝偻病严重暴发流行,患病儿童主要表现为肌肉疼痛和骨骼畸形,人们逐渐发现阳光照射、汞弧灯照射和鱼肝油可以治疗佝偻病,进而认识了维生素D的存在,通过阳光照射、紫外光照射食物和维生素D强化食物的推广,在发达工业国家曾基本消灭佝偻病。近年来,由于对阳光中紫外线照射的过分担心,以及维生素D推荐剂量的减少,维生素D缺乏在世界范围内重新流行。近些年研究表明,维生素D作用广泛,作为一种激素原,参与2 000多种基因的表达,长期慢性维生素D缺乏可能会产生诸多不良后果,包括肿瘤的发生、感染和免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病,维生素D缺乏的防治对众多慢性疾病的防治具有重要意义。Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide epidemic caused by the lacking sunshine exposure. By the middle of 1 700＇s,rickets became rampant among children in the major industrial cities of Europe as people began to stay indoors and lived in large,polluted cities,with reduced exposure to sunlight. Rickets is manifested by muscle pain and skeletal deformities and people gradually found that the sunshine and mercury arc lamp exposure and Cod liver oil could cure rickets. Rickets were seldom seen in developed counties with the wide employment of sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation of food and vitamin D fortified food. In recent decades,vitamin D deficiency is epidemic again even in developed world due to worrying too much about the sun＇s ultraviolet radiation and reducing the recommended dose of vitamin D. Vitamin D was found to have many other effects in recent decades. As a pre-hormone,vitamin D was involved in transcription and expression of more than 2 000 genes and long-term lack of vitamin D may cause many chronic adverse health consequences,including the genesis and development of tumor,infection,autoimmune diseases,and metabolic diseases. The prevention of vitamin D deficiency plays significant roles in prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases.

关 键 词：维生素D 维生素D缺乏 紫外线 阳光 

分 类 号：R589.5[医药卫生—内分泌]