干旱区毛管滴灌玉米土壤水分及生长指标研究  

A Study on Corn Soil Moisture and Growth Index Under Capillary Drip Irrigation in Hexi Inland Area

作　　者：王文娟[1] 丁林[1] 王以兵[1] 邓建伟[1] 李斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利科学研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第2期14-18,25,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题"西北生态脆弱区经济作物高效用水关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD29B04)

摘　　要：针对河西内陆区玉米常规灌溉制度下水量浪费严重、水分利用效率低下和种植结构单一等现状,采用室内试验和田间试验的方法,分析地埋式滴灌条件下不同毛管埋深对大田玉米土壤水分水平方向和垂直方向分布规律以及玉米出苗率、株高及茎粗、叶面积及单株干物质量的影响。结果表明:水平方向上距离毛管中心两边同等位置处,其土壤含水率基本呈对称状态,垂直方向上距毛管中心两边同等位置处,其下面的土壤含水率略高于上方含水率。滴头流量为1.2 L/h时,处理T1出苗率明显高于其他处理,出苗率达到56.51%,其次为处理T2可达20.61%,其余处理出苗率都不足10%;埋深40 cm处理在各生育期的株高及茎粗、单株干物质量显著低于埋深30 cm与埋深35 cm;毛管埋深30 cm更有利于叶面积系数的增加。同一毛管铺设方式下、灌水定额和灌水时间一致的情况下,滴头流量为1.6 L/h时其产量显著高于滴头流量为1.2 L/h的处理。毛管埋深为30 cm、间距为60 cm为适宜地埋式滴灌条件下大田玉米的最优组合模式。Aiming at the problems of serious water waste,low water use efficiency under conventional irrigation system and the single planting structure status in He Xi inland area,this paper used the method of laboratory test and field test to discuss the influence of different capillary depth of the buried drip irrigation on the horizontal and the vertical distribution of soil moisture,seedling emergence,plant height,leaf area and dry matter quality per plant. The results show that in the horizontal direction,the soil moisture content of both sides with the same distance to the capillary is symmetrical; in the vertical direction,for the both sides with the same distance to the capillary,the soil moisture content of lower layer is higher that that of upper layer. When the flow rate of emitter is 1.2 L/h,the emergence rate of T1 treatment reaches56.51%,which is significantly higher than that of others; followed by T2 treatment,of which the emergence rate reaches 20.61%,while the emergence rate of other treatments is less than 10%; The plant height,stem diameter and dry matter quality of the 40 cm depth treatment in different growth period are significantly less than those of the treatments of 30 cm depth and 35 cm depth; the 30 cm depth treatment is more conducive to the increase of the coefficient of leaf area; under the same capillary laying mode,the same condition of irrigation quota and irrigation time,the yield of the 1.6 L/h flow rate treatment is significantly higher than that of 1.2 L/h flow rate treatment. The mode of 30 cm capillary buried depth and 60 cm spacing is the optimal mode for corn under the condition of buried drip irrigation.

关 键 词：地埋式滴灌 玉米 毛管埋深 生长指标 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]