河北省南部平原区冬小麦灌溉用水量分析  

Analysis of Irrigation Water Use of Winter Wheat in Southern Plain Area of Hebei Province

作　　者：杨旭洋 刘彬[1] 闫丹丹[1] 孙玲玲[1] 杨旭涛 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056001 [2]陕西文强建工集团有限公司,西安710075

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第2期83-87,92,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目(15227005D);河北省教育厅科学研究计划项目(QN2016233;ZD2016131)

摘　　要：小麦灌溉用水是河北省南部平原区最主要的用水项,其用水量一般由河北省《用水定额》推算。但在实际灌溉中灌溉用水量与理论推算灌溉用水量往往存在较大偏差,为了准确得到小麦灌溉真实用水量为区域水资源规划与管理提供支撑。在河北省衡水市、沧州市、邢台市和邯郸市4市48个县选择401个典型地块进行了小麦灌水试验。试验期跨越整个冬小麦生育期,灌水试验采用超声波流量计和体积法进行相互印证,并结合小麦生育期内用电量及灌溉次数对灌溉用水量进行了测算。结果表明,理论推算灌溉用水量总体比试验灌溉用水量偏低4.9%,太行山山前平原区各典型县理论推算灌溉用水定额总体高于试验灌溉用水量26.3%,黑龙港低平原区各典型县理论推算灌溉用水定额总体略低于试验灌溉用水量0.7%。灌溉用水量相差较大的主要原因为田间灌溉技术的影响,因此对灌溉技术的改进是降低灌溉用水量的重要手段。Wheat irrigation water is the most important water use item in the southern plain area of Hebei province,and its water consumption is generally calculated based on the water quota of Hebei province. However,in the actual irrigation,there is a large deviation between irrigation water consumption and theoretical calculation of irrigation water consumption. In order to accurately get the actual wheat irrigation water consumption to provide support for the regional water resources planning and management,401 typical plots in 48 counties of 4 cities of Hebei Province,including Hengshui,Cangzhou,Xingtai and Handan,are selected for wheat irrigation test. The experiment period crosses the whole winter wheat growth period,the irrigation flow test is carried out by using ultrasonic flowmeter and volumetric method to confirm each other,and the irrigation water consumption is measured by combining the electricity consumption and irrigation times in the wheat growth period. The results show that the total amount of irrigation water is 4. 9% lower than that of the experimental irrigation water; the estimated water consumption of the typical counties in the Taihang Mountains is 26.3% higher than that in the experimental irrigation water,and the theoretical estimate of irrigation water quota of the typical counties in the low plains of the Black Dragon County is slightly lower than the experimental irrigation water consumption by 0.7%. The main reason for the difference of irrigation water consumption is the influence of irrigation technology in the field,so the improvement of irrigation technology is an important means to reduce irrigation water consumption.

关 键 词：灌溉用水量 灌溉用水定额 灌水试验 田间灌溉技术 河北省南部 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S-3