沙漠水科学材料研究综述  

Review on Desert Water Science Materials

作　　者：张增志[1] 杜红梅[1] 渠永平 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)生态功能材料研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2018年第2期81-87,共7页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50772131);国家"863"计划项目(2011AA322100);教育部重点项目(106086);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2010YJ05)

摘　　要：沙漠化地区的生态恢复是一个世界性难题,植被恢复是最可持续的方法,但植被恢复面临着科学用水的挑战,科学用水最有效的方法是引入新材料技术。综合分析了近年来出现的水科学材料的原理和特点,包括结构型微水灌溉技术的界面结构输水机理及水滴形成原理、自调节土壤湿度水分子渗灌材料结构自微动态原理及传水动力学、仿生凝露材料初步的科学分析及仿生结构试验、沙表结皮生物材料的储水原理和特点,结合沙漠水资源特点推测了沙漠水科学材料未来的研究领域和特征,提出了"智能灌溉"和"无水灌溉"的新材料技术将是未来发展的主导方向。Ecological restoration in desert area is a world problem. Vegetation restoration is one of the most sustainable methods, however it faces the challenge of scientific water utilization. The most effective way to solve this problem is the use of new material technology. This paper analyzes the principles and characteristics of water science materials in recent years, mainly including four contents. Firstly, the interface water-transport mechanism and water drop formation of the structural micro-irrigation technique were studied. Secondly, the dynamic and water-transmitting kinetics of the soil moisture self- adjusting materials were discussed. Thirdly, the scientific analysis and fog-collection tests of the biomimetic dew condensation material were reviewed. And finally, the water storage principle and characteristics of the biological soil crusts were analyzed. Combined with the properties of water resources in desert, the future research fields and potential characteristics of the desert water science materials were predicted, and the viewpoint of ＂intelligent irrigation＂ and ＂in-situ water collection＂ being two important leading trends in the future was proposed.

关 键 词：沙漠水科学材料 植被恢复 微水灌溉 水分子渗灌材料 仿生凝露材料 结皮生物材料 传水动力学 

分 类 号：TQ326.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]