基于SOM和HSV染色技术的致密砂岩储层地震相分析  

Seismic facies analysis of tight sandstone reservoir based on SOM and HSV color technique

作　　者：张艳 张春雷 高世臣 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京中地润德石油科技有限公司,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学(北京)数理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2018年第2期259-267,共9页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(编号:2016ZX05014-001);国家自然科学基金(编号:41172130;U1403191);中央高校基本科研项目(编号:2-9-2015-209)

摘　　要：地震相分析是致密砂岩储层预测的一项重要技术,可以描述地层相带的变化。针对自组织神经网络(Self-Organizing Map,SOM)在地震相解释过程中可视化差、解释精度低等问题,研发了一种基于SOM和HSV(Hue Saturation Value)染色技术的地震相分析技术。该方法使用收缩拓扑坐标算法对网格节点进行计算,借助HSV模型根据网格节点的位置进行染色,使得相近的位置具有相同的颜色,清晰地展示出高维输入空间的分布情况。为了验证方法的可行性,以苏里格气田东部召30区块为研究对象,通过地震属性与气层厚度叠合图以及AVO正演模拟,选取了对储层比较敏感的均方根振幅、平均瞬时频率、AVO截距和梯度等4种地震属性,运用自组织神经网络和HSV染色技术开展致密砂岩的地震相分析,并通过K均值对网格节点聚类,得到盒8段沉积相展布特征,能清晰地刻画南北向条带状河道分布,分析结果与先验地质认识较为吻合。该方法为沉积相展布特征的分析提供了一种更好的可视化方法,具有一定的应用价值。Seismic facies analysis is an important technique for predicting tight sandstone reservoirs,which can be used to describe the changes between sedimentary facies.For the problem of poor visualization and low precision of interpretation in the interpretation process of seismic facies,a seismic facies analytical technique based on SOM and HSV color technique is carried out.Firstly,the coordinates of the grid are calculated firstly using the contraction topological algorithm,and then the HSV model is used to color the nodes according to the coordinates of the nodes.In this way,the closer positions have the same color,which can clearly show the distribution of the high-dimensional input space.In order to verify the validity of the method,the Z30 area in the east of the Sulige Gas Field is taken as an example.Firstly,through the overlaid map between the seismic attributes and the thickness of the gas layer and also the AVO forward modeling,seismic attributes,such as RMS,average instantaneous frequency,AVO intercept and gradient,are chosen which are sensitive to the reservoir.Finally,the SOM and HSV color techniques are carried out in the process of seismic facies analysis.On the basis,the K-means method is used to cluster the grid nodes.By analyzing the distribution characteristics of sedimentary facies in He 8 member,the channel is clearly described from north to south and the results are in good agreement with the prior geological knowledge.Through analyzing the process,we can see that this method provides a better visualization method for the analysis of sedimentary facies distribution,which has certain value in the practical application.

关 键 词：致密砂岩储层 地震相分析 SOM技术 HSV染色技术 收缩拓扑坐标算法 

分 类 号：TE132.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]