天津市春季道路降尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中的元素特征  

Characteristics of Elements in PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in Road Dust Fall During Spring in Tianjin

作　　者：王士宝[1] 姬亚芹[1] 李树立[1] 张伟[1] 张蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第3期990-996,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409004)

摘　　要：为探究天津市春季道路降尘中元素污染特征及来源,于2015年春季采集了天津市道路降尘样品,通过再悬浮得到PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)滤膜样品,继而测定了滤膜样品中16种元素的含量,通过非参数检验、分歧系数法、富集因子法等研究了道路降尘中元素的污染特征、来源和成分谱的相似性.结果表明,天津市春季道路降尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量分数平均值在1%~20%之间的元素从大到小依次为:Si>Al>Ca>Fe>Mg>K>Na;PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中元素成分谱分歧系数为0.06,表明两者元素成分谱很相似;PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中,元素Cd和Cr强烈富集,Zn、Cu、Pb和As显著富集;道路降尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中元素主要来源于土壤风沙尘、建筑尘、交通尘(汽车尾气的排放、轮胎磨损和刹车片磨损)和煤烟尘.To explore the element pollution characteristics and sources of road dust fall,road dust fall samples were collected during spring in Tianjin and suspended to obtain PM2.5 and PM10,16 elements were analyzed,and then their characteristics,sources,and similarities were studied by nonparametric tests,the coefficient of divergence,and enrichment factor. The results showed that the mass fraction（1%-20%） in sequential order of the elements in PM2.5 and PM10 in Tianjin road dust fall were Si Al Ca Fe Mg K Na. The coefficient of divergence of elements in PM10 and PM2.5 was 0. 06,indicating that the elements profiles of PM10 might be similar to PM2.5. The elements of Cd and Cr in PM10 and PM2.5 were at a high level of enrichment degree,and Zn,Cu,Pb,and As showed significant enrichment. The main sources of the elements in PM10 and PM2.5 road dust fall in Tianjin were soil dust,construction dust,traffic dust（motor vehicle exhaust,tire wear,and brake wear）,and coal combustion.

关 键 词：道路降尘 PM2.5 PM10 元素特征 分歧系数 富集因子 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]