国民党改组至“三二〇”事件期间汪精卫与党军体制之命运——兼析党内文武关系的变动  

The Party Army System of the KMT Army from the First Reorganization to Zhongshan Warship Incident

作　　者：李翔 

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学思想政治教育与研究中心

出　　处：《史林》2018年第1期139-152,221,共14页Historical Review

基　　金：2015年国家社科基金后期资助项目"国民党军队‘党军体制’演变研究(1924-1928)"(15FZS017)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在中国历代和平时期,文治倡行,而战乱年代往往军权扩张。1924年国民党改组,文治之意甚显。黄埔军校及其教导团引入党军体制,"文主武从",在军队中开始有所体现。1925年孙中山去世后,国民党高层权力之争造成党的分裂,削减了党力,对文武关系影响甚大。汪精卫成为党政军最高负责人后,以"文主武从"为建设目标之一的党军体制,成为他巩固权势与地位的重要凭仗,也因此与军事强人蒋介石屡起摩擦。蒋挑起"三二〇"事件,重创汪精卫。汪精卫的政治际遇,既是党军体制曲折命运的写照,也是文武主从地位变动的深刻反映,并因此而强化了国民党政权军事独大的政治运行逻辑。In 1925,KMT accelerated the promotion of the‘Party Army System’in the context of good news about military affairs.In addition,the military and political unification was also the important background.Several hard-core rules were promulgated under Wang Jingwei's direction on March 19,1926.One day later,serious problem about the‘Party Army System’came up because of‘Zhongshan Warship Incident’stirred up by Chiang Kai Shek.The party army system became an object suffered by several factors:First,power struggle of KMT;Second,many generals blocked the party army system together;Third,the residue of patriarchal clan system.In the face of military power,the ideas about establishment of partymilitary,centralization and army commanded by a civil government declined gradually.The party army system was more in name than in reality because KMT turned into military dictatorship.As a result,the future about modernization of KMT army and KMT regime were deeply affected.

关 键 词：汪精卫 蒋介石 文武关系 党军体制 

分 类 号：K262.8[历史地理—历史学]