农业供给侧结构性改革的关键问题:政府职能和市场作用  

Key Issues on Supply-side Structural Reform in Agriculture:Government Functions and Market Roles

作　　者：黄季焜 

机构地区：[1]北京大学现代农学院 [2]北京大学中国农业政策研究中心

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2018年第2期2-14,共13页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"国家食物安全预测预警和发展战略研究"(编号:71333013);国家自然科学基金政策研究重点项目"新时期中国农业与农村发展战略与政策研究"(编号:71742002)的资助

摘　　要：农业供给侧结构性改革已成为目前农业政策讨论的重点问题之一。本文旨在分析农业供给侧结构性问题及其产生原因,并探讨未来农业生产结构调整的方向。本文指出,近期农业供给侧存在问题的主要原因是政府对市场过度干预、对市场失灵解决力度不大和农业公共物品供给不足,高值高效、绿色安全、特色、多功能农业是未来农业结构调整的方向;农业供给侧结构性改革的关键是市场改革和政府职能的转变。政府的主要职能是:完善市场价格形成机制,解决食品安全、食物安全、资源安全等领域的市场失灵问题;改革要促进农业生产力的提升和农业比较优势的发挥。Supply-side structural reform in agriculture has become one of major policy issues recently. This article aims to provide a better understanding of the current problems in agricultural structure-side, the major reasons that caused these problems, and the trends of China's agricultural production in the future. The study holds that the market intervention, a lack of efforts to deal with the market failure and insufficient provision of public goods/services are key factors that account for the recent structural problems in agriculture. China's agriculture is likely to move to the one with higher value, more green and safety as well as multi-functions in the future. Therefore, the key to a successful supply-side structural reform lies in enhancing market reform and transforming government functions. The Chinese government should improve policies to further address market reform and price formation, and to improve market environment and measures to deal with market failures in food-safety, food security, and sustainable uses of water and land. In addition, the reform should improve agricultural productivity and enhance the comparative advantage of China's agriculture.

关 键 词：农业供给侧 改革 市场作用 政府职能 

分 类 号：F321[经济管理—产业经济]