兰州某社区慢性病患者自我效能现状及影响因素研究  

Survey on self-efficacy of patients with chronic illness and its influencing factors in a community of Lanzhou

作　　者：张旭[1] 单候乾 韩雪梅[1] 季韶荣 郁娟[1] 潘佳雪 吴艳倩[1] 聂丹[1] 韩雪 左丽倩 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2018年第2期86-90,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1506RJZA229);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目(YB004);兰州市科技计划项目(2015-2-52)

摘　　要：目的评价社区慢性病患者自我效能现状及影响因素,为改善社区慢性病患者的健康和生活质量,有针对性地进行慢性病干预提供理论依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,抽取658名慢性病患者进行问卷调查,对不同人口学特征的自我效能得分进行分析,运用多重线性回归分析自我效能的影响因素。结果患者自我效能平均得分为(32.02±6.52)分,处于中等偏下水平,不同维度中,健康行为标准化得分最高,为81.53分,自护行为得分最低,为62.09分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,吸烟(β=-0.282)和饮酒(β=-0.198)是自我效能的负向影响因素,病情控制好(β=0.117)、社会支持中的主观支持(β=0.155)和客观支持(β=0.134)以及大专(β=0.117)和本科及以上(β=0.125)学历均是自我效能的保护因素。结论社区慢性病患者自我效能水平还有待提高,在对慢性病患者进行干预时,加强对可控因素的调控,构建有效的社会支持体系,可提高患者的自我效能。Objective To understand the current status of self-efficacy of patients with chronic diseases and its influencing factors in a community of Lanzhou. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among total658 patients with chronic illnesses recruited by a convenient sampling method from a community in Lanzhou.Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors for self-efficacy. Results The mean score of self-efficacy was 32.02±6.52.Among difference dimensions,the highest score of 81.53 was from health behavior standardization and the lowest score of62.09 was from self-care behavior.Multiple linear regression analysis showed smoking（β=-0.282）and drinking（β=-0.198）were influencing factors negatively related to self-efficacy,while illness under control（β=0.117）,subjective social support（β=0.155）and objective social support（β=0.134）,higher education（bachelor or above degree）（β=0.125）were protective factors for self-efficacy. Conclusions The level of self-efficacy of patients with chronic diseases in the community is relatively low and needs to be improved by building an effective social support system and regulating those controllable factors.

关 键 词：慢性病 高血压 糖尿病 社会支持 自我效能 现况调查 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]