三线铁路与毛泽东时代后期的工业现代化  

Third Front Railroads and Industrial Modernity in Late Maoist China

作　　者：柯尚哲 周明长 

机构地区：[1]美国海军研究院国家安全研究所

出　　处：《开放时代》2018年第2期49-68,共20页Open Times

基　　金：本文的英文版见《中国20世纪》(Twentieth-Century China)第40卷第3期(2015年),第238-260页.本译作系2013年国家社科基金重大项目“小三线建设资料的整理与研究”(项目编号：13＆ZD097)已收集的国外成果之一.

摘　　要：20世纪60年代后期,中国共产党尤为担心美国或苏联可能会入侵中国。为了保卫国家主权,中国共产党实施了旨在推进中国西部工业化的一场名为"三线建设"的大规模运动。本文聚焦于三线铁路建设。虽然三线铁路一开始就存在诸多问题,但最终将中国西部的大部分地区与全国工业网络紧密地连为一体,并且加速了区域交通体系的建设,促进了区域交通体系的标准化。为了建设铁路,中国共产党投入了大规模的劳动力来弥补国家工业资本的短缺。这种工业化战略给农民带来了沉重的负担。为了鼓舞士气,中国共产党进行了"艰苦奋斗是为中国工业化和国防建设作贡献"的思想动员。这种捍卫国防安全和推进工业进步的集体主义叙事,并没有完全消解工人们的不满,但却为工人们提供了一条面对困难的可行之路。In the late 1960 s,the Chinese Communist Party(CCP)became concerned that the United States or the Soviet Union might invade. To protect national sovereignty,the Party carried out a massive campaign to industrialize China's West called the Third Front. This article focuses on Third Front railway building. It shows that,although Third Front railroads initially had problems,they eventually integrated large parts of western China into nationwide industrial networks,which accelerated and standardized regional transportation. To build railroads,the CCP compensated for the country's shortage of industrial capital with massive inputs of labor. This industrialization strategy placed a heavy burden on rural men. To boost morale,the CCP organized thought campaigns that praised hard work as a revolutionary contribution to China's industrialization and defense. This collective narrative of national security and industrial progress never entirely silenced discontent,but it did provide workers with a way to think about hardship.

关 键 词：冷战 工业化 铁路 劳动力 现代性 

分 类 号：F429[经济管理—产业经济] K27[历史地理—历史学]