托尼的乡土中国重建方案与青年费孝通的三次系统回应  

Tawney's Rural China Reconstruction Scheme and Fei Xiaotong's Three Systematic Responses

作　　者：黄志辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2018年第2期118-133,共16页Open Times

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"地权分置视野下的土地关系新构造与当代中国代耕现象研究"(项目号:16CSH054)中期理论成果

摘　　要：费边社思想领袖托尼在《中国的土地和劳动》一书中,细致地诊断了中国文明的特征,指出了农业和农民问题的症结是技术停滞、组织松散、政治无能以及知识分子的形式主义。并且,托尼发现了中国城市中不断涌现"不在地主"现象,并以此判断中国的城乡关系是一种金融关系。费孝通是托尼上述观点的最好继承人,两者的学承关系不能仅仅从宗教伦理角度出发去理解,他们还共享了同样的文明观以及社会史或政治经济学的方法论。此外,费孝通还在《江村经济》《禄村农田》《乡土重建》三本著作中,逐渐修正了托尼的观点,他对乡土工业的实践道路、城乡关系的具体判断、"不在地主"现象的本质以及对知识分子的使命等方面的内容作了更为系统的叙事。Professor Tawney,a thought leader in the Fabian community,carefully examined the characteristics of Chinese civilization in his book,Land and Labor in China,with the diagnosis that the crux of the problems plaguing Chinese agriculture and peasantry lies in technological stagnation,loose organization,political incompetence,and intellectual formalism. In addition,Tawny discovered that there was an emerging phenomenon of"absent landlord"in Chinese cities and judged from this that China's urban-rural relationship was a financial one. Fei Xiaotong is the best heir to Tawney's viewpoints. The relationship between the two great scholars cannot be understood merely from the perspective of religious ethics. They also share the same view of civilization and the methodology of social history or political economy. However,Fei gradually revised Tawney's point of view in his three books,The Jiang Village Economy,Farming Lands in the Lu Village and Rural Reconstruction.In those books,he offers a more systematic narrative with more concrete judgments on the rural industry and the urban-rural relationship and more expositions with regard to the phenomenon of absent landlord,the mission of the intellectuals,and other issues.

关 键 词：托尼 费孝通 不在地主 合作组织 乡土重建 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F301.2[经济管理—国民经济]