四川省绵阳市1～12岁儿童乙肝表面抗原和乙肝表面抗体的分布现况  

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigens and Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies in 1-12Years-old Children in Mianyang,Sichuan

作　　者：刘小锦[1] 李文龙[1] 彭友悦 王娟[2] 任涛[3] 王丽萍[4] 袁萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,成都610041 [2]四川大学华西医院感染性疾病中心,成都610041 [3]绵阳市涪城区疾病预防控制中心,绵阳621051 [4]江油市疾病预防控制中心,江油621700

出　　处：《四川大学学报（医学版）》2018年第2期304-308,共5页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项基金(No.2012ZX10004-901)资助

摘　　要：目的了解四川省绵阳市1~12岁儿童乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)的分布现况,为制定和完善儿童乙肝疫苗免疫规划策略提供依据。方法 2015年1~12月,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取绵阳市乙肝计划免疫实施后出生的1~12岁儿童72 623名,对其进行个人信息采集和血标本采集,用ELISA法检测血清HBsAg和抗-HBs,对HBsAg阳性者进行复检。结果绵阳市1~12岁儿童的HBsAg阳性率为0.24%,抗-HBs阳性率为64.50%,HBsAg与抗-HBs双阴性率为35.26%,根据2010年全国第六次人口普查标准化率分别为0.24%、64.05%和35.71%。1~12岁各年龄组儿童的HBsAg阳性率为0%~0.65%,随着年龄增大呈升高趋势(P<0.001),农村儿童HBsAg阳性率(0.32%)高于城市儿童(0.16%,P<0.001),有乙肝家族史儿童HBsAg阳性率(1.53%)高于无家族史儿童(0.22%,P<0.001);1~12岁各年龄组儿童的抗-HBs阳性率为47.85%~71.43%,随着年龄增大呈降低趋势(P<0.001),农村儿童抗-HBs阳性率(62.06%)低于城市儿童(66.81%,P<0.001);1~12岁各年龄组儿童HBsAg与抗-HBs双阴性率为28.57%~51.98%,随着年龄增大呈升高趋势(P<0.001),农村儿童HBsAg与抗-HBs双阴性率(37.62%)高于城市儿童(33.03%,P<0.001),无乙肝免疫史儿童HBsAg与抗-HBs双阴性率为35.37%。结论绵阳市乙肝计划免疫工作取得显著成效,但不同特征儿童抗-HBs阳性率存在差异,乙型肝炎病毒易感儿童仍占一定比例,应重视新生儿乙肝疫苗的接种,积极开展儿童抗-HBs水平监测,对缺乏抗体保护的儿童实施加强免疫。Objective To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigens （HBsAg） and hepatitis B surface antibodies （anti-HBs） in 1-12 years-old children in Mianyang city, Sichuan Province. Methods Children born after the implementation of Hepatitis B immunization policy were selected using a stratified random cluster sampling strategy from January to December 2015. A total of 72623 eligible children participated in the study, which included a questionnaire survey and blood tests （0.3 mL vein blood） for HBsAg and anti-HBs with ELISA method. Repeated tests were performed on the blood samples with a HBsAg positive result. Results About 0.24 % of the children were HBsAg positive; 64. 50% were anti-HBs positive; 35.26% were both HBsAg and anti- HBs negative. The standardized rates based on the 2010 population census were： 0.24 % HBsAg positive, 64.05% anti-HBs positive, and 35. 71% both HBsAg and anti-HBs negative. HBsAg positive rates increased with age, ranging from 0% to 0.65%（P%0. 001）. Rural children had a higher HBsAg positive rate （0.32%） than their urban counterparts （0.16%, P〈0. 001）. Those with a family history of Hepatitis B had a higher HBsAg positive rate （1.53%） than those without a family history （0.22%, P〈0. 001）. Anti-HBs positive rates decreased with age, ranging from 47.85% to 71.43%（P〈0. 001）. Rural children had a lower anti-HBs positive rate （62.06%）than their urban counterparts （66.81%, P〈0. 001）. The prevalence of both HBsAg and anti-HBs negative cases increased with age, ranging from 28.57% to 51.98% （P〈0. 001）. Rural children had a higher rate of both HBsAg and anti-HBs negative （37. 62%） than their urban counterparts （33. 03% P〈0. 001）. About 35.37% of the children who had negative HBsAg and anti-HBs had not received Hepatitis B immunization. Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccinations are highly effective in Mianyang. However, there are disparities in anti-HBs positive rates between the children with different characteristics. A ce

关 键 词：乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体 免疫策略 儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R725.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]