贵州织金洞世界地质公园喀斯特成景机制及模式研究  

Study on the Karst Landscape Formation Mechanism and Model of the Zhijindong Cave Global Geopark,Guizhou Province

作　　者：韦跃龙[1] 陈伟海[1] 罗劬侃[1] 罗书文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《地质论评》2018年第2期457-476,共20页Geological Review

基　　金：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(编号:2015033);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:DD20160285和DD20160061)的成果~~

摘　　要：本文将织金喀斯特分为8大类:洞穴、峡谷、天生桥、天坑、高峰丛、丘陵、单面山与象形山、水文遗迹等,它们以下三叠统海相碳酸盐岩为物质基础,有序、集中分布于织金洞、绮结河、东风湖三片相对独立,却又以绮结河为纽带紧密相连的喀斯特区域内,共同构成一个以洞穴、峡谷、天生桥、天坑为核心,形态雄伟、典型、优美、珍稀的高原喀斯特景观群。同时在对公园区域成景背景进行分析和研究的基础上,认为织金喀斯特的形成演化,始于古近纪,以三处喀斯特区域相互之间水力联系的演变为主轴,历经四个阶段:初始阶段(古近纪期间,喀斯特地层出露)→雏形阶段(分轴型离散岛屿式成景过程)→重要发育阶段(主轴型离散岛屿式与集合型岛屿式成景过程)→现代喀斯特阶段。期间,三个喀斯特区域产生不同的喀斯特响应过程:(1)织金洞区域,以织金洞地下河的演变为主轴,历经横向裂隙式岩溶水→地下河道→抬升形成化石洞穴/洞穴景观发育阶段/袭夺地表河(古新寨河)→地下河大规模发育→抬升形成化石洞穴/被袭夺阶段/→地下河小规模发育/洞穴景观发育等不同的地下岩溶循环发育阶段,形成了规模宏大的4层迷宫式化石洞穴系统—织金洞洞穴系统,洞内次生化学沉积物类型齐全,形态优美、独特,体量巨大,现代总体属于已停止发育的化石型洞穴喀斯特区域。(2)绮结河区域,以绮结河的演变为主轴,历经地表流水各向分散流动阶段→地表河阶段→地下河阶段→地下河改道/袭夺阶段→地下河大规模发育阶段→改道/明流与伏流交替阶段等不同的地表与地下岩溶交替循环发育阶段,峰丛、洞穴、峡谷、天坑、天生桥等地貌有序分布于河谷上或其两侧,协同共生,现代总体属于地表与地下喀斯特正在相互交替发育的区域。(3)东风湖区域,以六冲河的演变为主轴,历经�In this paper, the karst landscapes in Zhijin are generally classified into eight categories： cave, gorge, natural bridge, tiankeng, high fengcong, hill, cuesta and pictographic mountain and hydrological heritage. All of them have been developed in the Lower Triassic marine carbonatite strata and distributed orderly and intensively in such three karst geomorphic units as Zhijindong Cave, Qijiehe River and Dongfenghu Lake, which are relatively separate and complete but closely linked to each other through Qijiehe River. These karst landscapes constitute a majestic, typical, beautiful and precious plateau karst landscape group with caves, gorges, natural bridges and tiankengs at the core. Based on the analysis and investigation about the regional background of the landscape formation in this geopark, it is indicated in the paper that, centered on the evolution of hydraulic connections among these three karst areas, the formation and evolution of Zhijin karst began in Paleogene and went through four stages： initial stage （karst outcrop in Paleogene）- ,embryonic stage （split-axis discrete island-style landscape formation process ） →significant development stage （principal-axis discrete island-style and collective island-style landscape formation process） ＋modern karst stage. During these four stages, different responses occur in the three karst areas： （ 1 ） Zhijindong Cave： following the development and evolution of Zhijindong underground river, Zhijindong Cave went through different subsurface karst circulation and development stages： horizontal fissure karst water → underground river way → being raised upwards and formed fossil cave/cave landscape development/capturing surface river （ancient Xinzhaihe River）→ large-scale development of underground river → being raised upwards and formed fossil cave/being captured → small-scale development of underground river/cave landscape development. Accordingly, a grand four-layer labyrinth-like fossil cave system, Zhijindong Cave s

关 键 词：喀斯特 成景机制 成景模式 贵州织金洞 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学] P942