高分子基环境响应性肥料的研究进展  

Progress in Polymer-based Environment-responsive Fertilizers

作　　者：李涛 吕少瑜[1] 陈姣 高春梅[1] 张少飞[1] 柳明珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室兰州大学化学化工学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《高分子学报》2018年第3期336-348,共13页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号51541304;51273086)资助项目

摘　　要：随着农业现代化进程的不断推进和高分子材料的不断发展,环境响应性肥料作为一种新型的功能化肥料正受到越来越多研究者的关注.环境响应性肥料是指能够根据温度和土壤环境中特定的刺激响应信号来改变吸水、保水和养分释放等行为,从而达到智能调控土壤中水分和养分的新型多功能肥料.本文首先简要介绍了肥料的发展阶段,然后根据外界刺激信号的不同和肥料实际的应用效果,将环境响应性肥料分为温度响应性肥料、pH响应性肥料和盐敏感性肥料,并对其制备方法、刺激响应行为和应用领域进行了综述.可以预期,天然高分子基环境响应性肥料、多重响应性智能肥料和生物响应性肥料的制备及其应用研究将会成为今后肥料科学的发展趋势.Mineral nutrients from environment are required for plants growing, but the natural nutrients from soil can not completely meet the need. Therefore, use of fertilizers is the simple, effective and fast method to increase the yield and to improve the quality of the grains. However, only a small amount of the fertilizers used can be effectively absorbed by crops, and most of them are lost by volatilizing into the atmosphere or leaching into the ground, which leads to a serious waste of the fertilizers with severe environmental pollution（e.g. acidic rain, soil salinization and greenhouse gas release etc.）. To solve these problems, polymer-based slow-release fertilizers were developed by functional modification to control the release of the nutrients and to prolong the effective use of the fertilizer. However, the release behavior of these slow-release fertilizers is always influenced by some factors such as temperature, humidity, pH and salinization of soil in practical applications. To address this issue, intelligent fertilizer, i.e. fertilizer with functional controlled-release, has been developed to regulate the release of various nutrients in accordance with the change of soil environment and the different stages of plant growth. Especially, polymer-based environment-responsive fertilizer, as an intelligent fertilizer, can change water absorbency, water-holding capacity and nutrient release behavior, by intelligently regulating water and nutrients in soil according to specific stimulus response signals of soil environment, such as temperature, humidity, pH value and ion concentration. This review briefly introduces the development stages of the fertilizer and their classification. On the basis of different stimulation signals from the environment and actual application, these environment-responsive fertilizers are classified as temperature-responsive, pH-responsive and salt-sensitive fertilizers. Their preparations, properties, stimulus-responsive behaviors and application are introduced in detail. Intellige

关 键 词：高分子基肥料 功能化材料 智能肥料 环境响应 智能调控 

分 类 号：TQ449[化学工程—化学肥料工业]