美国法官惩戒事由之考察与借鉴  

Investigation and Reference on the Cause of American Judge 's Punishment

作　　者：曾哲[1] 索肖娟 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2018年第2期142-151,共10页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：法官惩戒事由的根基在于试图在司法独立与司法责任之间达致某种平衡。美国联邦和各州以《模范司法准则》为法官惩戒事由之纲领性文本,惩戒事由一直以不当行为为核心,不仅包括应付惩戒之不当行为,还涉及惩戒之禁区,即"纯粹的法律错误",尤其州立法与实践总结出了法律错误构成不当行为的考虑因素。美国不当行为之惩戒经历了一个从提倡到强制的过程,其中作为强制性标准的表现不当行为遭到了法律人士来自各方面的质疑,不过却从未动摇支持规制者的一贯决心。完善我国法官的惩戒事由应制定一部统一之《法官行为惩戒法》,以"实体结果"侧重转向"不当行为"监控,提高对表现不当行为之重视,并划分"纯粹的法律错误"与"不当行为"间界限。The foundation of the judge＇s disciplinary efforts lies in trying to strike a balance between judicial independence and judicial responsibility.The United States federal and state motto,Model Norms of Justice is the programmatic text of disciplinary reasons. Disciplinary actions have always centered on misconduct. They include not only disciplinary misconducts,but also disciplinary sanctions that are ＂purely legal errors ＂In particular,legislation and practice have concluded that legal errors constitute considerations of misconduct.Disciplinary practices in U. S. misconduct have gone through a process of promotion from coercion,in which misconduct as a mandatory standard has been challenged by all legal circles,but it has never waveringly supported the regulator＇s determination.Perfecting the Disciplinary Actions of Judges in China A unified Law of Judicial Conduct and Discipline should be formulated to shift the focus of ＂substantive results ＂ to the monitoring of ＂misconduct＂and to raise the awareness of misconduct and to classify between ＂purely legal errors＂and ＂misconduct＂the boundaries.

关 键 词：法官惩戒事由 不当行为 表现不当行为 纯粹的法律错误 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]