山西忻州九原岗北朝墓葬壁画颜料及颜色变化分析  

Studies on the color changes and pigments of the tomb murals of the Northern Dynasties in Jiuyuangang,Shanxi

作　　者：石美风[1] 任建光 张秉坚[3] 黄继忠[4] 霍宝强 

机构地区：[1]山西博物院文物保护中心,山西太原030024 [2]云冈石窟研究院,山西大同037000 [3]浙江大学化学系,浙江杭州310027 [4]山西省文物局,山西太原030001

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2018年第1期18-24,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：出土彩绘文物在环境突发剧烈变化的情况下常有变色或褪色现象,影响文物的安全及其艺术展示。为了解山西忻州九原岗北朝墓葬壁画发掘出土后色彩的变化规律,跟踪监测了该墓葬壁画红色、黄色、蓝色和黑色绘画区域的色度及相应的表面水含量,同时对颜料进行拉曼光谱分析。研究结果表明:该墓葬壁画所用颜料红色为HgS,黄色为FeO·OH,蓝色为(Na,Ca)_(7-8)(Al,Si)_(12)(O,S)_(24)[SO_4,Cl_2(OH)_2],黑色为C;壁画出土后轻微的褪色现象主要与环境湿度有密切关系。新出土壁画表面湿度较高,颜色鲜艳。随着画面干燥,壁画表面含水量的降低导致颜色饱和度降低,壁画色彩变浅。盐结晶的析出以及颜料颗粒脱落导致画面色彩饱和度降低,也可能导致壁画色彩变浅。Newly excavated colored cultural relics often suffer color fading or changes when their environments change suddenly,which affects both their safety and artistic qualities. In order to study the various factors that affect tomb murals after they are exposed to the external environment,site monitoring was conducted to measure chromatic aberration and surface water content in the tombs. Identical red,yellow,blue and black colored areas of the tomb murals were studied. The results show that the color change is closely related to the surface water content.The micro-Raman spectrum results show the red pigment is Hg S,the yellow is α-Fe OOH,the blue is（ Na,Ca）_（7-8）（ Al,Si）_（12）（ O,S）_（24） SO_4 and the black is C. We found that the color change of the tomb murals was caused by the water： during the early excavation stage,the humidity of the murals was high and the colors were bright; but with the drying of the murals,the color saturation degraded and the murals became lighter in color. At the same time,migration of salts onto the surface also caused the murals to become paler in color.

关 键 词：色度 表面水含量 变色 盐结晶 

分 类 号：K867.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]