地下滴灌条件下不同水肥处理对苜蓿生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Treatments on Growth and Yield of Alfalfa under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

作　　者：仝炳伟 张娜 鲍子云 

机构地区：[1]宁夏水利科学研究院,银川750021

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2018年第3期35-40,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：宁夏科技支撑计划项目(2015BY11101);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400206)

摘　　要：【目的】优化滴灌条件下苜蓿的水肥供应制度,提出节约、高效的水肥技术方案。【方法】以地下滴灌苜蓿为研究对象,进行水肥二因素完全随机试验,试验设置4个灌水水平(1 950、2 400、2 850、3 300 m3/hm^2)和3个施肥水平(225、285、345 kg/hm^2),探索了水肥交互作用对不同茬次苜蓿株高、茎叶比及干草产量的影响。【结果】对于同一茬次苜蓿,株高随灌水量和施肥量增加而增高且逐渐趋于稳定,其中灌水水平为主要影响因素。茎叶比随灌水量及施肥量增加均呈现先减小后增加趋势,其中灌水水平为主要影响因素,其次为水肥交互作用因素,最后为施肥水平因素。不同水肥处理下的干草产量总体上随灌水量及施肥量增加呈先上升后下降趋势,其中在灌水水平2 850 m3/hm^2、施肥水平285 kg/hm^2时产量最高,为20 989.75 kg/hm^2。水肥互作对干草产量影响显著,在低水、低肥处理下,增加施肥量(灌水量)的增产效应较小,而适度的水肥增产效应显著。【结论】本试验中,灌水水平2 850 m3/hm^2、施肥水平285 kg/hm^2组合为最优水肥供应方案。[Objective] Optimize the water and fertilizer supply system of Alfalfa under drip irrigation, a saving and efficient irrigation and fertilization technology scheme was put forward. [Method] Alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation was used as the research object, totally randomized trials of two factors were carried out. The test set 4 irrigation levels （1 950 m3/hm2, 2 400 m3/hm2, 2 850 m3ham2, 3 300 m3/hrn2） and 3 fertilization levels （225 kg/hm2, 285 kg/hm2, 345 kg/hm2） to explore the effects of water and fertilizer on plant height, stem leaf ratio and hay yield. [Result] The plant height increased with the increase of irrigation water and fertilizer amount, and gradually became stable, in which the irrigation level was the main influencing factor. The leaf stem ratio de- creased firstly, then increased with the amount of irrigation and fertilization amount, the irrigation level as the main factors, followed by the interaction of water and fertilizer factors, finally fertilization level factors. The hay yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilizer amount, and the yield which was 20 989.75 kg/hm2 was the highest under the irrigation level of 2 850 m3/hm2 and fertilization level of 285 kg/hm2 The effect of interaction of water and fertilizer on hay yield was significant. Under low level of water and fertilizer, the effect of increasing fertilizer amount （irrigation amount） was less, but the effect of moder- ate water and fertilizer production was remarkable. [Conclusion] In this experiment, the interaction of water and fertilizer under the irrigation level of 2 850 m3/hm2 and fertilization level of 285 kg/hm2 is the best.

关 键 词：地下滴灌 苜蓿 水肥耦合效应 生长指标 产量 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S551.7[农业科学—农业工程]