清代以来粤北排瑶林农景观的变迁  

Paiyao's Forestry and Agricultural Landscape Changes in Northern Guangdong Province since the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：周晴[1] 宫清华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州地理研究所

出　　处：《民俗研究》2018年第2期48-56,共9页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"岭南动植物农产史料集成汇考与综合研究"(项目编号:16ZDA123);国家社科基金青年项目"<广东新语>中的动;植物志研究"(项目号:13CZS066);国家自然科学基金项目"滇;黔;桂岩溶地区石漠化的演变过程及其背景研究(1368~1949年)"(项目编号:41371151);国家自然科学基金项目"华南地区强降水诱发的群发性滑坡形成机理与预警阈值"(项目编号:41671506)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：排瑶是对聚居于今广东省北部连南瑶族自治县境内排瑶的专称,其在清代以八排瑶为中心向涡水河、金坑河上游的森林地带迁徙。清末以前,排瑶较少有人工林的栽培,清末随着人口的增加开始经营林业,以杉木栽培为主,并总结出一套林粮间作的生态模式,但1950年代以来的林业政策导致了排瑶聚居区森林生态系统功能的破坏。排瑶的农田景观主要有旱地与梯田(水田)两种,清末以来主要是旱地的扩展,清初梯田景观并不常见。1950年代以来梯田大面积扩展,但梯田离排瑶的居住点一般都较远,且耕作技术较粗放。Based on historical documents and field interviews,this paper studies the historical and geographical processes of the formation and transformation of Paiyao’s forestry and agricultural landscape since the Qing Dynasty.The study found:the Bapaiyao,eight branches of Paiyao,migrated to the forests of upstream of the Woshui river and Jinkeng river in the Qing dynasty;Paiyao rarely planted forest before the Qing Dynasty,and they gradually cultivated fir trees and summarized a set of intercropping forest pattern because of the huge population increase before the late Qing dynasty;The forestry policy led to the destruction of the functions of forest ecosystems around the area of Paiyao’s village since the 1950s;Paiyao’s farmland landscape was made of dry land and terraces which were mainly paddy fields and the dry lands expanded since the late Qing dynasty.The terraces expanded largely since 1950s,which was rarely seen in the early years of the Qing Dynasty,however,the terrace was located far from the settlement area and the farming techniques were rough.

关 键 词：排瑶 景观 森林 梯田 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]