我国涉外一般侵权法律适用的现状、特点及改进建议——基于93份裁判文书的实证分析  

The Present Situation, Characteristics and Suggestions for Improvement of China's Conflict of Laws as Applied to General Tort——Empirical Study of 93 Judgment Documents

作　　者：宋连斌[1] 张溪瑨 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2018年第2期155-163,255,共9页Jiangxi Social Sciences

摘　　要：对援引《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》第44条的93份有效裁判文书的实证研究表明:我国涉外一般侵权案件呈逐年递增的趋势;涉外一般侵权法律适用规则存在扩大化适用的现象,法院未正确处理特殊侵权规则与一般侵权规则、特别法与一般法之间的关系,导致法律适用错误;裁判文书说理不充分,法律推理过程错误。其原因在于:一方面,缺乏选法理由,直接援引法条作出裁判;另一方面,说理过于简单,法律推理混乱,如存在适用第44条中不存在的系属公式、未审查当事人是否达成选法合意、未对"经常居所地"进行认定等问题。因此,我国应细化涉外一般侵权法律适用规则、充分发挥指导性案例的作用、加强司法职业保障制度,并构建多元化涉外纠纷解决机制。An empirical study to analyze 93 valid judgment documents made by courts invoking article 44 of Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships shows that the cases of the conflict of laws as applied to general tort are increasing year by year. In practice,the conflict of laws as applied to general tort has following problems: Firstly, the application of conflict of laws as applied to general tort is expanded. Courts don't correctly handle the relationship between the conflict of laws as applied to general tort and special tort, special law and general law, which leads to the wrong application of law. Secondly, the reasoning of judgment documents is not enough and legal reasoning is always wrong. The reasons are as follows: on the one hand, there is a lack of reasons for choice of law and courts directly invoke article 44 to make a decision, on the other hand, the reasoning of judgment documents is too simple and legal reasoning is full of confusion. For example, courts apply a formula of attribution that doesn't exist in article 44, and courts don't examine whether the parties have reached an agreement about choice of law and whether there is a mutual habitual residence, and so on.Therefore, China should refine and improve the conflict of laws as applied to general tort, and give full play to the guiding role of guiding cases; China should strengthen the building of the career security system for judges and establish a multiple dispute resolution mechanism.

关 键 词：涉外一般侵权 法律适用 共同经常居所地法 侵权行为地法 意思自治原则 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学]