民法典的规则供给与规范配置 基于《民法总则》的观察与批评  

Rules and Norms in Civil Code Observation and Critique of General Provisions of Civil Code in China

作　　者：茅少伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2018年第1期170-193,共24页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：《民法总则》预示了我国未来民法典的结构与风格,立法者对重大的体系创新似乎兴趣寥寥。实用主义的编纂思路要能确保实用,就应当聚焦于民法典作为私法基本法的体系整合功能。民法典内部的体系选择及其与特别民法的功能区隔,决定了民法典规则供给的大致范围。在此范围内,民法典体系整合功能的发挥很大程度上取决于立法者能否对既有的多重民事法源、尤其是大量民事司法解释的内容进行合理的清理与吸收。民法典的立法技术问题应当得到更多重视,尤其是必须考虑到绝大多数民法规范为任意规范和裁判规范的性质,恰当地配置完全规范和各类不完全规范,并改进规范表达,以更好地服务于司法实践与社会发展的需要。The General Provisions of Civil Law of the People＇s Republic of China （2017） sets the tone and layout for the forthcoming Civil Code. It seems that the legislature has little interest in substantial renovations of the existing structure. This pragmatic approach to codification should not be given too much credit if it has not engaged in the reconciliation and integration of current scattered rules and provi ding a systematic body of law. The internal structure of the Civil Code and its partitioning with those sep arate branches of private law defines the scope of rules it could supply. The smooth functioning of this Code hinges on how well the drafters sort out the multiple sources of civil law. Particularly, it largely de- pends on whether a great number of judicial interpretations of the Supreme People＇s Court could be well integrated into this Code. The techniques of legislative drafting should have gained more attention. It should be borne in mind that the majority of civil law rules are default rules （rather than mandatory rules） and decision rules （i.e. rules of adjudication, rather than conduct rules）. The proper allocation and collaboration of ＂complete provisions＂ （which prescribe relatively complete elements and consequences for a rule） and ＂incomplete provisions＂ is essential to the efficient supply of coherent rules. Moreover, the legislative expression should be carefully polished and tailored to facilitate its application.

关 键 词：民法典 法律渊源 司法解释 任意规范 裁判规范 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]