YDC型阀式双作用液动锤冲击性能优化  

Impact performance optimization of a YDC valve-type double action hydraulic hammer

作　　者：黄雪琴[1] 胡贵[1] 孟庆昆[1] 郑晓峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2018年第3期87-95,共9页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目"钻井新技术新方法研究"(编号:2014A-4211)

摘　　要：YDC型液动锤是一种适用于油气钻井的新型阀式双作用液动锤,因其内部压力匹配关系复杂、影响冲击性能的因素多,难以依靠经验和试验的方法找到各种因素的最佳匹配关系。为此,在分析该液动锤工作原理的基础上,对其主要运动部件——阀芯和冲锤进行了受力分析,建立了阀芯和冲锤各个工作阶段的动力学模型;基于Matlab软件平台开发了液动锤性能优化设计软件,并将软件计算的性能参数结果与室内试验的结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)单次冲击功、冲击频率和冲击功率,随泵排量的增大或节流嘴直径的减小而增大,随冲锤上下腔面积差的增大而先增大后减小;(2)单次冲击功和冲击功率随冲锤质量的增大而增大,但冲击频率缓慢下降;(3)随着冲锤行程的增大,单次冲击功呈增大趋势,而冲击频率则呈下降趋势,冲击功率基本保持不变;(4)随着阀芯质量的增大,单次冲击功呈增大趋势,但冲击频率和冲击功率均下降;(5)单次冲击功和冲击功率最优时的参数组合是a5b1c5d4e3f2,排量对单次冲击功和冲击功率的影响最大。结论认为,在现有钻井泵排量和泵压条件下,通过改进液动锤的结构来实现大的做功排量,可有效提高液动锤的冲击性能。A YDC type hydraulic hammer is a new valve-type double action hydraulic hammer statable tor 011 ann gas well arllling, it IS ilarU to find out the optimal matching relationship between various factors based on experience and experiments, for the matching relationships of inner pressure is complex and the impact performance is influenced by many factors. In this paper, the operating principle of the YDC type hydraulic hammer was investigated, the force applied to the main moving components （valve core and hammer） was analyzed and the dy- namic model of valve core and hammer in each operating stage was established. Then, a performance optimization and design software was developed on the platform of the Matlab software, and the performance parameters calculated in the software were compared with the labo- ratory test results. And the following research results were obtained. First, single impact energy, impact frequency and impact power increase with the increase of pump displacement or with the decrease of throttle nozzle diameter, and they increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of area difference between the upper and lower chambers. Second, with the increase of hammer weight, single impact energy and impact power increase and impact frequency decreases slowly. Third, with the increase of hammer travel, single impact energy presents an increasing trend, impact frequency presents a decreasing trend and impact power basically remains unchanged. Fourth, with the increase of valve core weight, single impact energy presents an increasing trend while both impact frequency and impact power decrease. Fifth, the pa- rameter combination corresponding to the optimal single impact energy and impact power is asblcsd4e3f2, and the effect of displacement on single impact energy and impact power is the greatest. It is concluded that under the existing displacement and pressure of drilling pumps, the impact performance of the hydraulic hammer can be increased effectively by improving the structure of the hydraul

关 键 词：液动锤 冲锤 阎芯 排量受力分析 动力学模型软件 冲击性能 影响规律 参数组合 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]