贵州油菜各器官在不同生育时期对土壤重金属的富集  

Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Rape Organs in Different Growth Stage in Guizhou Province

作　　者：方慧[1] 柳小兰[2] 颜秋晓[2] 何腾兵[1,3] 王道平 林昌虎[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002 [3]贵州大学新农村发展研究院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《北方园艺》2018年第5期111-117,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41561075);贵州省院联合基金资助项目(黔科合LH字[2016]7409);贵州省科技支撑计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2017]2860);贵州省优秀青年科技人才资助项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5622);贵州省科技厅基础研究资助项目(黔科合基础[2016]1515-2)

摘　　要：以油菜4个生育时期(苗期、抽薹期、花期和收获期)耕作层表层(0~20cm)根区土壤以及油菜植株为试材,测定各生育时期土壤及油菜各器官重金属(Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn)含量,研究了油菜各生育时期对土壤重金属的富集、转运情况,以期分析各器官对重金属的富集能力。结果表明:油菜各生育时期对重金属的富集能力各异。总体而言,对Zn的富集能力最强,其次是Cd,对Cr富集能力最弱;油菜对Zn、Cd和Cu的富集能力均呈先减弱后增强再减弱的趋势,花期富集能力最强;各生育时期叶、根和茎是Zn和Cd主要富集器官,除了茎,其它器官对Cu具有很强的富集能力,Pb在苗期和抽薹期主要富集在油菜根系,花期和收获期被转运至花和籽;花期Cr被富集在茎和花,其它生育时期Cr主要被富集在根系;对比食品中污染物限量标准,发现除Pb以外,油菜籽中其它重金属均未超标,有关籽粒中重金属的安全性尚需后续研究。To explore the enrichment and transport of heavy metals in soil during growing periods of rape,and analyze the enrichment ability of each organ to heavy metals,the root zone soil of surface（0-20 cm）and rapeseed plant were taken as test materials in different growth stages（seedling,bolting,flowering and harvesting）to measure the contents of heavy metals（Cr,Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn）in soil and rape organs.The results showed that rape enriched heavy metals differently in each stage of growth,and overall,the enrichment ability to Zn was the strongest,followed by Cd,Cr was the weakest.The rape enrichment to Zn,Cd and Cu showed the tendency of weaken,strengthen and weaken,the powerful was most in florescence.The leaves,roots and stems were Zn and Cd-enriched organs.In addition to the stems,other organs have a strong enrichment capacity of Cu.Pb,in seedling and bolting stage,was mainly enriched in rape roots,then was transported to flowers and seeds during flowering and harvesting period.Cr was enriched in the stems and flowers when rape bloomed,but in other times Cr was mainly enriched in the roots.Compared with the pollutant limit standards of food,it was found that except Pb,the other heavy metals were not exceeded,but the safety of heavy metals of rapeseed still needed further studies.

关 键 词：重金属 富集 生育时期 器官 油菜 

分 类 号：S634.306.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]