政府补贴、行业竞争与企业出口技术复杂度  

Government Subsidies,Industrial Competition and Enterprises' Export Technology Complexity

作　　者：余娟娟[1] 余东升[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《财经研究》2018年第3期112-124,共13页Journal of Finance and Economics

摘　　要：政府补贴作为经济发展的"有形之手",在我国出口技术结构升级中扮演何种角色呢?其内在影响机制又是如何呢?文章基于中国工业企业数据和中国海关统计数据库,利用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和倍差法考察了政府补贴和行业竞争对企业出口技术复杂度的影响效应及渠道。研究表明:政府补贴抑制了企业出口技术复杂度的提升,而行业竞争促进了企业出口技术复杂度的提升;不同竞争程度的企业样本中,政府对低竞争行业的企业出口技术复杂度的抑制效应显著高于中高竞争行业,这说明行业竞争度的提高有利于纠正政府补贴对出口技术复杂度的抑制效应。进一步的影响机制分析表明:政府补贴促进出口技术结构升级的渠道为研发激励效应,且这种激励效应只在中高竞争行业样本中是显著存在的;从成本渠道考察发现,政府补贴有利于企业出口价格指数的降低,从而对出口技术复杂度的提升产生显著的成本扭曲效应。文章的结论意味着,不能一味地对企业进行补贴,而应该构建有效的激励机制与成本倒逼机制,让企业通过内生动力而非价格竞争形成企业出口技术复杂度的升级。Since the twenty-first century,China＇s export trade has become significant changes in the export technology structure while realizing the scale growth.Scholars mostly explain this phenomenon from the perspectives of internal factors such as human capital,factor endowments,and technology development,but few explanations are made from the perspectives of the two external factors of ‘government＇s hands＇ and ‘market hands＇.Therefore,this paper examines the impact of Chinese ‘government subsidies＇ and ‘market competition＇ on enterprises＇ export technology complexity and its internal mechanism from the micro perspective,so as to provide theoretical reference for current market reform and the upgrading of trade structure.This paper has research ideas and methods as follows：firstly,it constructs the theoretical model of enterprises＇ export technology complexity based on the Hausman（2005）,and puts forward related theoretical hypotheses;secondly,it examines the effect of China＇s government subsidies and industry competition on enterprises＇ export technology complexity by propensity score matching（PSM）and difference-in-difference method;finally,it further examines the internal mechanism about how government subsidies and industry competition affect enterprises＇ export technology complexity from the perspectives of RD and cost channels.This paper arrives at the following conclusions：firstly,government subsidies suppress the promotion of enterprises＇ export technology complexity,while industry competition promotes the enterprises＇ export technology complexity;secondly,the negative effect of government subsidies on enterprises＇ export technology complexity is more significant in the middle-and-high-degree competition industries than that in the low-degree competition industries,and the increase in industrial competition is beneficial to the correction of negative effect of government subsidies on enterprises＇ export technology complexity;thirdly,further observation of affecting

关 键 词：政府补贴 行业竞争 出口技术复杂度 PSM 倍差法 

分 类 号：F752.8[经济管理—国际贸易]