土壤酶对外源有机硒和无机硒的动态响应  

Dynamic responses of soil enzymes to exogenous sodium selenite and selenomethionine

作　　者：史雅静[1] 史雅娟[2] 王玉荣[1] 李田春[1] 周宝春 谢勇 徐福友[1] 梁若玉 SHI Yajing1, SHI Yajuan2, WANG Yurongt, LI Tianchun1, ZHOU Baochun1, XIE Yong1, XU Fuyou1, LIANG Ruoyu2(1. Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi 117004 2. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技学院生物医药与化学工程学院辽宁省生物医药与化学工程重点实验室,本溪117004 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2018年第3期1189-1196,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201303106);国家自然科学基金(No.41671483);国家重点基础性科技专项(No.2013FY111100-02)~~

摘　　要：通过室内非作物连续培养,研究了不同剂量、不同形态外源硒(亚硒酸钠、硒代蛋氨酸)对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性影响的动态变化过程.结果表明,低剂量(10 mg·kg^(-1))无机硒(亚硒酸钠)对土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性有先激活后抑制作用,对土壤中性磷酸酶活性有激活作用.而相同剂量有机硒(硒代蛋氨酸)处理时,3种酶均表现为不同程度的激活状态.高剂量(>30 mg·kg^(-1))无机硒(亚硒酸钠)处理时,3种酶活性均表现先激活后抑制,其中对脲酶影响最大,对蔗糖酶影响次之,对中性磷酸酶影响最小.而施入高剂量(>30 mg·kg^(-1))有机硒(硒代蛋氨酸)后,对土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶的激活作用明显大于无机硒的影响,但对磷酸酶的影响不明显.试验充分说明施入不同剂量、不同形态的外源硒,土壤酶活性表现出不同的动态响应,并且有机硒比无机硒更有利于土壤微生物的生长,能提高土壤酶活性,促进N、P、C养分在土壤生态系统的循环.用有机硒替代无机硒作为外源硒源,有望成为未来发展方向.The dynamic changes of soil urease,sucrase and neutral phosphatase activity were explored by continuous cultivation without crops in different concentrations and forms of exogenous selenium（ sodium selenite and selenium methionine）.The results showed that enzyme activities of soil urease and invertase were activated and then inhibited when the exposure concentration of sodium selenite was 10 mg·kg-1. Under the same conditions the enzyme activities of soil neutral phosphate was activated. When the same concentration of organic selenium（ selenomethionine） was processed,the three kinds of enzyme activities of soil showed different degrees of activations. After adding high concentration（ 〉30 mg·kg-1） of inorganic selenium（ sodium selenate）,all of the three kinds of enzyme activities in soil were activated and then inhibited,which had the greatest influence on urease,followed by sucrase,which/that had the least effect on neutral phosphatase. After adding high concentration（ 〉 30 mg·kg-1） of organic selenium（ selenomethionine）,its effect on urease and sucrose enzyme in soil was significantly greater than that of inorganic selenium,but its effect on phosphatase was not obvious. The results fully showed that adding different forms of exogenous selenium had different impacts on soil enzyme activities. The results also showed that organic selenium was more advantageous than inorganic selenium on soil microbial growth,soil enzyme activity and N、P、C nutrient cycling in soil ecosystem.Organic selenium instead of inorganic selenium as the source of selenium might gain more grounds in the future.

关 键 词：硒污染 无机硒(亚硒酸钠) 有机硒(硒代蛋氨酸) 土壤酶活性 相对抑制率 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]