汉代乐钟编列制度初考  

A Preliminary Examination of the System of the Arrangement of the Chimed Musical Bells in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：张闻捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史系

出　　处：《文物》2018年第3期26-35,共10页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：两汉之世,青铜礼乐器的使用渐趋衰落。西汉出土的完整编钟资料已不可与先秦时期"同日而语",东汉时期更未有完整编钟出土。尽管如此,通过研究发现,西汉时期编钟至少有三种以上组合情况,包括"5甬14纽""4甬9纽""5甬10纽"及其他,且这些编列制度在东周时期皆有所本,可能分别源自"5镈""14纽""4镈9纽""10纽"的传统。其中西汉皇室所采用的"5甬14纽"制度是战国中期之后日趋盛行的新兴礼制系统,而较为古老的乐制版本则主要见于中小贵族及地方勋贵群体中。During the Western and Eastern Han Dynasty, the uses of the bronze ritual vessels and musical in- struments were continuing to decline. The complete sets of chimed musical bells of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed to date eannot be compared to that of the pre-Qin period, and, furthermore, no cases of complete set of chimed musical bells of the Eastern Han Dynasty have been found to date. In spite of this, the studies revealed that in the Western Han Dynasty, the chimed musical bells still had at least three kinds of assemblages, including ＂five yong-bells and tim）teen n/u-bells＂ , ＂tour ）~mg-bells and nine n/u-bells＂ and ＂five yong-bells and ten niu.-bells＂ , and they eould all find origins in the East- ern Zhou Period, whieh were the traditions of ＂five bo-bells＂ , ＂fimrteen n/u-bells＂ , ＂fimr/~o-bells and nine n/u-bells＂ , ＂ten niu-bells＂ and so on. Among them, the assemblage of ＂five ）~mg-bells and fourteen n/u-bells＂ used by the imperial court of the Western Han Dynasty was an innovative ritual system getting popular since the mid Warring-States Period, and the older musical instrument setting systems were mainly seen among the medium- and lower-ranking elite classes and local noble people.

关 键 词：制度 初考 乐钟 汉代 西汉时期 先秦时期 东汉时期 东周时期 

分 类 号：K875.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]