拉枝角度对苹果枝条顶梢多胺类物质含量的影响  

Effect of branch bending angle on contents of endogenous polyamines in shoot terminals of apple tree

作　　者：吕珍珍 马玲 张满让[1] Lu Zhenzhen, MA Ling, ZHANG Manrang(College of Horticulture ,Northwest A＆F University ,Yangling ,Shaanxi 712100 ,Chin)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期56-64,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代苹果产业技术体系项目(MATS)

摘　　要：【目的】从多胺类物质含量的变化来研究拉枝对苹果成花的影响,为进一步探索苹果花芽分化的影响因子提供参考。【方法】以富士和嘎拉苹果品种为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),测定在不同拉枝角度(0°,70°,90°,110°)下,不同类型枝条顶梢内3种多胺类物质(腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm))的含量,研究3种物质在花芽分化期内的动态变化。【结果】拉枝可显著提高成花率,改变枝条顶芽内多胺类物质的含量。在整个生长期内,供试2种苹果Put、Spd和Spm 3种物质含量总体均呈上升趋势,其中Spm含量最高,Spd次之,Put最低。嘎拉苹果供试芽内源多胺含量高于富士。不同类型枝条顶芽中多胺含量表现为短枝高于中长枝。对于不同拉枝角度处理,富士在拉枝110°时,多胺类物质含量明显高于其他处理;而嘎拉则是拉枝90°时较高。【结论】多胺类物质参与苹果成花过程,其含量差异与品种、枝条类型以及拉枝角度有关;富士与嘎拉多胺含量分别在拉枝110°和90°时较高,而且成花率也最高。在生产中可利用拉枝措施或外施多胺来调节内源多胺含量,进而达到促花增产的目的。【Objective】To further explore the factors affecting flower bud differentiation of apple,the effect of branch bending on floral formation through the changes of polyamines（PAs）was studied.【Method】In the experiment,Fuji and Gala were selected and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）was used to measure the contents of diverse polyamines（Put,Spd and Spm）and their dynamic changes in different shoot terminals at different branch angles（0°,70°,90°,110°）during flower bud differentiation.【Result】Flowering rate was increased when increasing the bending angle,and the contents of Put,Spd and Spm in the whole floral bud differentiation showed an increasing trend with the highest in Spm.The contents of endogenous polyamines in Gala were higher than that of Fuji.PAs contents of spur were higher than that of medium-long shoot.For Fuji,the polyamines contents at 110° were significantly higher than the other treatments,while the best angle for Gala was 90°.【Conclusion】Polyamines involved in floral bud differentiation and PAs concentrations were related to cultivar,branch type and bending angle.‘Fuji＇and‘Gala＇all showed highest polyamines and flowering rates at the angles of 110° and 90°,respectively.The polyamines contents in floral formation can be regulated by branch bending or polyamines spraying to promote flowering and increase production.

关 键 词：苹果 拉枝角度 多胺 

分 类 号：S661.105.1[农业科学—果树学]