山丘区小流域水文模型适用性研究  

Research on Muilt-hydrological Models Applicability of Flash Flood Simulation in Hilly Areas

作　　者：王璐 叶磊[1] 吴剑[1] 常凊睿[2] 张弛[1] WANG Lu1, YE Lei1, WU Jian1, CHANG Qing-rui2, ZHANG Chi1(1. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China; 2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038 ,Chin)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学水利工程学院,辽宁大连116000 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2018年第2期78-84,90,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51709033).

摘　　要：山丘区小流域暴雨洪水过程受诸多因素影响,是个极其复杂的非线性过程,选择合适的水文模型进行模拟是山洪预警预报的难点。选取5种常用水文模型在全国14个典型山丘区小流域开展模拟对比分析,研究不同模型在山丘区小流域的适用性,以期为山洪预报中水文模型的选择提供依据。研究结果表明,HEC-HMS分布式水文模型模拟效果最优,适用于短历时强降雨条件下的山洪模拟;大伙房水文模型对洪峰流量及峰现时间的模拟精度较高,但产流模块在植被覆盖良好、水系较发达的山丘区小流域应用有限;API和新安江水文模型在湿润小流域且实测降雨资料连续情况下可取得较好的模拟效果;TOPMODEL水文模型同样在湿润小流域应用较好,但对于陡涨陡落型洪水的适用性较差。Due to the complex underlying surfaces, various climate type and strong effect of human activities, flooding in small-scale watershed in mountainous areas is an extremely complex nonlinear process. It is difficult to scientifically choose an appropriate hydrological model for flash flood forecasting. In this study, the performance of 5 hydrological models with varying degrees of complexity for flash flood forecasting in different small-scale watersheds as well as its applicability to the catchments characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the distributed hydrological model （HEC-HMS in this study） performs better than the lumped hydrological models and it has the strongest applicability to flash flood forecasting. Dahuofang Model performs well in the flood peak simulation while its runoff generation module is relatively poor. API and Xinanjiang Model are good for simulating the humid catchments when long-term and continuous rainfall data are provided. TOPMODEL model also performs well in the humid catchments, but is less suitable for the rapid flood.

关 键 词：山洪预警 水文模型 水文模型适用性 

分 类 号：TV124[水利工程—水文学及水资源]