青藏高原特有种子植物区系特征及多样性分布格局  

Floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of seed plants endemic to the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：于海彬[1,2] 张镱锂 刘林山[1] 陈朝 祁威[1] Haibin Yu1,2, Yili Zhang1,3, Linshan Liu1, Zhao Chen4, Wei Qi1(1 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 ;2 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 ;4 Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science ＆ Technology, Guangzhou 51065)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]广东省生态环境技术研究所,广州510650

出　　处：《生物多样性》2018年第2期130-137,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41271068,41371120); 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室开放基金(GJ-2017-03); 中国博士后科学基金(2016M592568)

摘　　要：青藏高原拥有丰富的种子植物,但对该地区特有植物的区系特征以及多样性还鲜有报道。本文通过植物志(书)以及在线数据库,整理了只分布于青藏高原地区的种子植物名录及其地理分布,分析了它们的科属特征、区系成分以及多样性空间分布格局。结果表明:青藏高原共有特有种子植物3,764种,隶属113科519属,多数为草本植物(76.3%);包含100种以上的科有菊科、毛茛科、列当科等15个,属有马先蒿属(Pedicularis)、杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)、紫堇属(Corydalis)等7个;从属的区系成分来看,温带成分占主导(67.5%)。青藏高原特有植物多样性格局呈现从高原东南部向西北部逐渐递减的趋势,其中东喜马拉雅–横断山脉的物种多样性非常丰富,而且多数物种分布在高原的中海拔地带。理解青藏高原特有物种的特征及多样性格局对探讨高原植物区系的演化历史和物种保护有重要启示。The Tibetan Plateau（TP） harbors numerous seed plants, however, the floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of plants endemic to this region have been rarely studied. Based on several monographs and online databases, we compiled a list of seed plants that exclusively occur on the TP as well as their distribution at the county level. We further explored their characteristics, floristic composition and spatial distribution patterns. We identified 3,764 endemic seed plants belonging to 519 genera and 113 families, 76.3% of which are herbaceous plants. Among them, 15 families（e.g. Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Orobanchaceae） and 7 genera（e.g. Pedicularis, Rhododendron, Corydalis） contain over 100 endemic species. Floristic composition analysis indicates that 67.5% of these endemic plants are temperate species. Species diversity declined gradually from the southeast to the northwest with hotspots located within the East Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Vertically, most species occurred at intermediate elevations. Understanding floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of Tibetan endemic flora shed light on future studies on the evolutional history and conservation practices in this area.

关 键 词：多样性格局 植物区系 特有现象 高山植物 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]