56种中药提取物对棉花黄萎病的防治效果研究  

Control Effects of 56 Extracts of Chinese Traditional Medicine on Cotton Wilt Disease

作　　者：姜岚 庞金环[1] 肖伟烈 张国丽[3] 刘俊[1] 杨超 JIANG Lan1, PANG Jin-huan1, XIAO Wei-lie2, ZHANG Guo-li3, LIU Jun1, YANG Chao 1(1. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy ofScienees, Beijing 100101 ; 2. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091 ; 3. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [2]云南大学教育部和云南省自然资源药物化学重点实验室,昆明650091 [3]新疆农垦科学院,石河子832000

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2018年第2期128-134,共7页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200900)

摘　　要：为获得既能有效抑制棉花黄萎病致病菌(大丽轮枝菌)菌丝生长又可以提高棉花黄萎病防治效果的中药提取物,对56种中药提取物的抑菌活性及防治效果进行了筛选和鉴定。生长速率法测定结果显示,56种中药提取物中有26种在质量浓度为10 g/L时对大丽轮枝菌的菌丝生长抑制率可达到50%以上,主要集中在五味子、铁箍散、华盖木和黄苞大戟等9种植物提取物中。进一步用这些中药提取物处理棉花植株,统计病情指数和防治效果发现,黑龙江产五味子(北五味子)的氯仿∶丙酮=3∶2(V/V)段提取物对棉花黄萎病有显著的防治效果。茎切片观察发现,该提取物可以有效抑制大丽轮枝菌引起的维管束褐化症状,且棉花整株表现为黄萎病落叶症状得到缓解。上述研究表明,黑龙江产五味子的氯仿∶丙酮=3∶2段提取物不仅可以有效抑制大丽轮枝菌的菌丝生长,而且可以提高棉花黄萎病的防治效果,降低维管束褐化并缓解发病程度。The bacteriostatic activity and control effects of 56 extracts from Chinese traditional medicine were screened and determinedin order to acquire the ingredients that may effectively suppress the mycelial growth of Verticillium dahlia and increase the control effects oncotton wilt disease. The results of growth rate showed that the inhibition rate on V. dahlia mycelial growth by 26 of all tested 56 extracts wasup to 50%,which were mainly distributed in 9 medicinal plants of Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.）baill,Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis,Manglietiastrum sinicum,Euphorbia sikkimensics,etc. Further,the cotton plants were treated by the extracts and the statistics of diseaseindex and control effect was conducted. The results explained that the chloroform ：acetone（3∶2,V/V）extract of S. chinensis（sampledfrom Heilongjiang province）presented significant control effects to cotton wilt disease. The stem dissection revealed that the extract effectivelysuppressed the browning of vascular bundle caused by wilt disease,and the symptom of leaf-falling from wilt disease in whole plant wassignificantly alleviated. The above data indicate that the chloroform ：acetone（3∶2,V/V）extract from S. chinensis not only effectivelyinhibits the growth of V. dahlia in vitro,but also induces the resistance in cotton,thus decreases the browning of vascular bundle and alleviatesthe occurrence of cotton wilt disease..

关 键 词：中药提取物 大丽轮枝菌 棉花黄萎病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S435.621.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]