福建省平和县蜜柚园土壤铜素(Cu)状况及其影响因素研究  

Soil copper(Cu) nutrient status and its influencing factors in pomelo orchards in Pinghe county, Fujian province

作　　者：程琛[1] 张世祺 林伟杰 陈欢欢 林锋 朱东煌 陈立松[1] 李延[1] 郭九信 CHENG Chen1, ZHANG Shiqi1, LIN Weijie, CHEN Huanhuan, LIN Feng1, ZHU Donghuang2, CHEN l Lisong1, LI Yan1., GUO Jiuxin(1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Envi- ronmental Health and Regulation, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; 2Comprehensive Experiment Station for Guanximiyou, Agricultural Bureau of Pinghe County, Zhangzhou 363700, Fujian, Chin)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院·福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室,福州350002 [2]平和县农业局琯溪蜜柚综合试验站,福建漳州363700

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第3期301-310,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家农业(柑橘)产业技术体系专项(CARS-26-01A); 福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(CXZX2017229)

摘　　要：【目的】分析平和县蜜柚园土壤铜素(Cu)含量状况及其影响因素。【方法】采集福建省平和县代表性蜜柚园的315个0~40 cm土样、48个0~60 cm剖面和55个市售商品有机肥,对其进行Cu素含量及相关理化性状测定。【结果】蜜柚园的土壤全Cu含量(ω,后同)和有效Cu含量分别为3.0~176.9和0.01~29.62 mg?kg^(-1),其对应的平均值分别为30.15和5.20 mg·kg^(-1),土壤全Cu含量的超标率为0.63%,而土壤有效Cu含量的高量比例达28.89%;其中,土壤全Cu含量和有效Cu含量的平均值分别以芦溪镇和小溪镇最高,且蜜柚园土壤全Cu含量与有效Cu含量间呈极显著正相关(r=0.588**)。土壤有效Cu含量随土层深度的增加而降低,0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层中有效Cu含量的高量比例分别为95.83%、60.42%和39.58%。通过分析土壤有效Cu的影响因素发现,土壤有效Cu含量呈现出随种植年限、土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)和土壤有机质含量的增加而提高的趋势;同时,市售商品有机肥中全Cu含量的平均值为63.77mg·kg^(-1),其中,超标的有机肥品种占21.82%。【结论】平和县蜜柚园土壤Cu含量过量富集和随土层下移的现象突出,这与农户长期不合理施用含Cu肥料及相关制剂有关。为了平和县蜜柚产业的生态可持续发展,建议政府和农户应加大蜜柚生产使用的肥料及相关制剂的Cu污染风险检测与管控。【Objective】Citrus is the leading fruit crop in the world, and citrus production and consumption have grown significantly. In 2014, there was approximately 2.5×10~6 hm^2 of citrus with a production of 3.6×107 t in 19 provinces in China. Pomelo（Citrus grandis） is the third largest citrus with a yield of3.2×10~6 t. In China, the most famous area for pomelo production is Pinghe county（24°02′-24°35′ N,116°53′^（-1）17°31′ E）, in south Fujian province with an average annual rainfall of over 1 600 mm. Currently, the quality of‘Guanximiyou＇pomelo is declining. Quality and yield depends upon integrated nutrient management, which would not be possible without the knowledge of soil fertility. Copper（Cu）is one of the essential microelements in plant. In the citrus production, spraying Cu bactericides or fun-gicides is general considered a standard measure for controlling canker disease. Both Cu deficiency and toxicity cause adverse effects on yield and quality in citrus, and there is limited information available about copper fertilizer application and factors influencing soil Cu content. The aim of our study was to understand soil Cu content and relevant impact factors in Pinghe.【Methods】Our study adopted the data from analyses of soil copper（Cu） content and soil physical and chemical properties. 315 soil samples at depth of 0-40 cm were collected from representative‘Guanximiyou＇pomelo orchards in ten townships（Wenfeng, Qiling, Luxi, Jiufeng, Nansheng, Guoqiang, Banzai, Shan＇ge, Xiazhai and Xiaoxi） in Pinghe county. And 48 soil samples at depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm for measuring soil Cu leaching traits in old orchards（15 year） with severe soil copper enrichment in Xiaoxi town and Xiazhai town. Most of the soil samples were from 10 to 15-year-old pomelo orchards and collected from September to October at harvest season. Each soil sample consisted of 10 sub-samples（two sub-samples per plant, five plants per orchard） taken near the canopy drip line. A

关 键 词：蜜柚园 土壤全Cu含量 土壤有效Cu含量 影响因素 福建平和 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]