窄行距条播密植作物微喷带高效节本喷灌方法研究  

A High Efficient and Cost Saving Micro-sprinkling Irrigation Method for Crop with Narrow Row Spacing and Close Planting

作　　者：王裕智[1] 靖华[1] 亢秀丽[1] 马爱平[1] 崔欢虎[1] 刘玲玲[1] 朱杏梅 Wang Yuzhi1, Jing Hua1, Kang Xiuli1, Ma Aiping1, Cui Huanhu1, Liu Lingling1, Zhu Xingmei2(1Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China; 2Agriculture and Forestry Committee, Huozhou 031400, Shanxi, Chin)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000 [2]山西省霍州市农林委员会,山西霍州031400

出　　处：《农学学报》2018年第2期51-54,共4页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目"国家谷子糜子产业技术体系"(CARS-07-13.5);山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目"麦茬谷子大群体小个体栽培新途径防倒除草关键技术研究"(YTS17079)

摘　　要：为高效利用灌溉水资源和喷灌设施微喷带,在山西临汾开展了窄行距条播密植作物微喷带高效节本喷灌方法的探讨,其具体方法为:在与窄行距条播密植作物种植方向相垂直的方向安装引水带,在与引水带相垂直方向上安装输水管;在与输水管相垂直方向上安装微喷带,在微喷带终端的卡套后方插入微喷带U型固定卡;当一季作物喷灌完成后,将引水带移出农田,拔出微喷带U型固定卡,将每个四通连接的一对微喷带沿着输水管的方向折叠捆绑置于搁置带;当下茬作物播种完成后,将引水带移入农田安装,解开微喷带绑绳拉开微喷带并插入微喷带U型固定卡。结果表明:该方法较传统(微喷带沿作物种植行向铺设于行间)方法改善了窄行距条播密植作物中、后期喷灌的效果,节水效果显著,耕地利用率提高16.5%,每茬作物每公顷可节约搬运、安装、拆卸劳动力费用525~600元。该项研究为微喷带节水灌溉设施的节本高效利用及大面积推广提供了技术支撑。To efficiently use irrigation water and micro-spray the high efficient and cost saving micro-sprinkling irrigation irrigation facilities, a test was carried out to study method for the crop with narrow row spacing and close planting in Linfen of Shanxi Province. The method was： the water diversion belts were perpendicular to the direction of crop planting; the water delivery pipes were erected perpendicular to the water diversion belts; the micro-spray irrigation facilities were perpendicular to the water delivery pipes, which was fixed by the U type clip in the end. After finishing irrigation on current crop, the water diversion belts were moved from the field, the rest facilities were stored in the shelve area. The water diversion facilities were moved into the field to be installed after next crop was sown and the rest facilities were installed as the above. The results showed that this method was more efficient in saving water and improving mid-late irrigation effect than the traditional method （micro-spray belt along the crop line）, and the cultivated land use efficiency increased by 16.5%, and the labor cost saved 525-600 Yuan per hectare for carrying, installing and dismantling during each crop. The study provided technical support for large area application of this method.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 微喷带 喷灌 密植作物 行距 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] S352.52[农业科学—农业工程]