植物化感作用在农业生态系统中的应用  

Application of Plant Allelopathy in Agro-ecosystems

作　　者：张瑜 常生华[1] 宋娅妮 程云湘 侯扶江[1] Zhang Yu, Chang Shenghua, Song Yani, Cheng Yunxiang, Hou Fujiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73002)

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第5期61-68,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“高寒草甸放牧管理与草地健康的相互关系”(31402118);国家重点研发计划项目“高寒草地-家畜系统区域耦合技术与模式”(2016YFC0501904-02)

摘　　要：为探明植物的化感作用在农业生态系统中的作用及应用,本研究对近年来植物化感领域所取得的研究成果、已报道的化感植物、化感物质以及化感物质释放途径等进行了综述,并归纳了植物化感作用在农、林、牧业等方面的研究成果。研究显示,在豆科、禾本科、菊科等多个科发现了具有化感潜势的植物并分别鉴定出了酚酸类、萜类、生物碱类等十几类化感物质,化感物质多以自然挥发、雨雾淋溶、根系分泌、残渣分解等方式进入周围环境并对受体发生化感作用,化感物质在不同浓度下对受体植物种子的萌发、幼苗的生长等表现出不同的促进或者抑制效应;化感现象对作物的轮作和套作、混交林树种的选择搭配、合理放牧、除草剂等方面的应用具有重要作用。最后在综合已报道的化感作用研究的基础上,指出了植物的化感作用在农业生态系统中的关键问题,并对其存在的问题进行了分析展望。To find out the role and application of plant allelopathy in agroecosystem,current researchach ievements in plant allelopathy field,allelopathic plant,allelochemicals and their releasing way were reviewed in this paper.The researches on plant allelopathy in agriculture,forestry and animal husbandry were also concluded.The results showed that plants with potential allelopathy were found in multi-families,such as Leguminosae,Gramineae,Compositae.More than a dozen of allelochemicals were identified such as terpenoids,phenols,alkaloids,and so on.Allelochemicals got into the surrounding environment by natural evaporation,fog leaching,root secretion and residue decomposition,and then the allelopathy occurred in the receptor.Different concentrations of allelochemicals had different promoting or inhibiting effects on seed germination and seedling growth.Allelopathy played an important role in crop rotation and intercropping,species selection in mixed forest,reasonable grazing and herbicide.Finally,based on current progress of allelopathy,we pointed out and analyzed the key problems of allelopathy in agroecosystem.

关 键 词：化感 农业生态系统 应用 森林经营 合理放牧 杂草管理 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学] S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]