前氮后移对水稻产量形成和农田氮素流失的影响  

Effect of Postponing N Application on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Runoff Losses from the Field

作　　者：刘红江[1] 郭智[1] 郑建初[1] 盛婧[1] 孙国峰[1] 陈留根[1] Liu Hongjiang, Guo Zhi, Zheng Jianchu, Sheng Jing, Sun Guofeng, Chen Liugen(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 21001)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第5期82-87,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题"江苏单季粳稻区水稻化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范"(2016YFD0200805);中央财政农业技术推广资金项目"稻麦农田化学氮肥;农药减量技术示范推广"[TG(16)014]

摘　　要：基于太湖地区稻田养分流失主要集中在水稻生育前期的特点,以超级稻‘武运粳29号’为供试材料,通过田间小区试验,基肥采用机械深施,在施氮量300 kg/hm^2水平下,设计4个氮肥运筹比例,基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥的比例分别为5:2:3(O1);4:2:4(O2);3:2:5(O3);2:2:6(O4),研究氮肥后移对水稻产量构成和农田地表径流氮素流失量的影响。结果表明:从产量构成因素来看,前氮后移的O4处理较常规氮肥运筹的O2处理水稻有效穗数和每穗粒数均显著下降,但是其结实率和千粒重均明显增加;最终前氮后移的O4处理水稻产量略有下降,但处理间的差异不显著。水稻季农田共发生地表径流6次,径流水总量为3567.0 m^3/hm^2。农田地表径流总氮流失量随着前氮后移比例的增加而减少,O4处理较O2处理地表径流总氮流失量下降了12.02%,处理间的差异均达到显著水平。同时,前氮后移能够降低稻田地表径流总氮流失率和水稻氮素偏流失率。Based on the characteristics that paddy soil nutrient loss was mainly concentrated in the early stage of rice growth in Taihu area,a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of postponing N application on rice yield and nitrogen runoff loss.The super rice cultivar of‘Wuyunjing 29＇was used,four nitrogen application ratios of basal,tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer 5： 2： 3（O1）,4： 2： 4（O2）,3： 2： 5（O3） and 2：2： 6（O4） were designed,with the nitrogen application amount of 300 kg/hm^2 and deep basal fertilizer machinery.The results showed that： for the yield components of rice,compared with the conventional nitrogen application（O2）,postponing N application（O4） significantly decreased the effective panicles and spikelets number per panicle,but the filled grain percentage and 1000-grain weight showed the opposite trends.Finally,O4 treatment of postponing N application reduced rice yield a little with no significant difference.There was six times of farmland overland runoff in rice season,and the amount of total runoff was 3567.0 m^3/hm^2.With the increase of postponing N application proportion,the total nitrogen runoff loss decreased,and the total N loss of O4 treatment significantly decreased by 12.02% compared with that of O2 treatment.At the same time,postponing N application could decrease the total nitrogen loss rate with overland runoff in the paddy field and nitrogen drift loss rate of rice.

关 键 词：氮肥后移 地表径流 水稻 产量形成 氮素流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]