渗水降解地膜在大豆田间应用效果的综合分析  

Comprehensive Analysis of Application Effect of Water Seepage Degradable Mulching Film in Soybean Field

作　　者：刘延超[1] 史树森[1] 潘新龙 高宇[1] 高风翔 姚建民 崔娟[1] 王丹 LIU Yan-chao1, SHI Shu-sen1 ,PAN Xin-long1, GAO Yu1, GAO Feng-xiang2 , YAO Jian-min3, CUI Juan1, WANG Dan4(1. College of Agriculture/Innovation Center of Soybean Region Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; 2. Changehun In- stitute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changehun 130022, China; 3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economy, Shanxi A- cademy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030006, China; 4. Changchun Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Changehun 130033, Chin)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院/大豆区域技术创新中心,吉林长春130118 [2]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,吉林长春130022 [3]山西省农业科学院农业资源与经济研究所,山西太原030006 [4]长春市农业技术推广站,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《大豆科学》2018年第2期202-208,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04);农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金课题(DB201505KF03);吉林农业大学科研启动基金(2015010)

摘　　要：为明确渗水降解地膜覆盖对耕层土壤保水升温效果及其对大豆生长发育和产量的影响,在年降雨量为582 mm且常年气候以春旱年份居多的吉林省长春市郊区进行了田间试验。以普通地膜和露地为对照,采用单因素随机区组设计,在大豆出苗期、苗期、花期、结荚期分别测定各土壤耕层含水量和温度、植株农艺性状、渗水降解地膜和普通地膜的力学指标,收获后测定经济性状。结果表明:渗水降解地膜在保持土壤水分的同时可以更有效接纳雨水,土壤耕层含水量显著高于普通地膜;渗水降解地膜和普通地膜都具有提高土壤耕层温度作用,而且在大豆生长发育前期,温度较低时,渗水降解地膜的升温效果更优于普通地膜,在温度较高时,渗水降解地膜的调温作用通过膜孔开张进行调节膜内的温度,使渗水降解地膜的温度低于普通地膜,更好地保护大豆根系;渗水降解地膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率明显小于普通地膜,且随着时间推进,渗水降解地膜下降幅度显著大于普通地膜,表明渗水降解地膜随着时间在土壤中逐渐降解;渗水降解地膜和普通地膜都具有促进大豆生长发育和提高产量的作用,渗水降解地膜覆盖的大豆长势更优于普通地膜,与露地相比,渗水降解地膜的单株增产为21.56%,普通地膜的株增产为10.98%,增产效果明显。In order to clarify the effects of water seepage degradable mulching film on water retention and warming of soil plough layer and its effects on the growth and yield of soybean, a field experiment was conducted on the outskirts of Chang- chun, Jilin province, with annual rainfall of 582 mm and climatic conditions of spring drought. This paper presented two mod- els of ordinary plastic and no cover film treatment. The single factor randomized block design was used to measure the water content and temperature of each layer, agronomic characters, mechanical indexes of water seepage degradable mulching film and ordinary plastic at emergence stage, seedling stage, flowering stage and podding stage respectively, the economic charac- ters were measured after harvest. The results showed that the water seepage degradable mulching film effectively received rain- water while maintaining the soil moisture, the soil moisture content was significantly higher than that of ordinary plastic. The temperature of soil plough layer increased under both water seepage degradable mulching film and ordinary plastic condition. In the early stage of development with lower temperature, the effect of water seepage degradable mulching film was better than that of ordinary plastic. And when the temperature turned higher, water seepage degradable mulching film to adjust the inside temperature though the film holes, then making the temperature was lower, so as to protect the soybean roots. Compared with ordinary plastic, water seepage degradable mulching film had less effect on the tensile strength and elongation at break, and with the passage of time, the decline was even greater. Water seepage degradable mulching film gradually degraded in the soil. Water seepage degradable mulching film and ordinary plastic effected on promoting the growth and yield of soybean. And the soybean covered with water seepage degradable mulching film grew better. Compared with no cover film treatment, there were obvious increases in yield, with the ranges of 21.56%

关 键 词：大豆 渗水降解地膜 土壤温度 土壤含水量 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S318