2012-2015年上海市奉贤区手足口病聚集性疫情流行特征  

Epidemiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease clustering epidemics in Fengxian, Shanghai, 2012-2015

作　　者：张雨 刘清 郑方 胡晓丹[1] 王志[1] 徐英杰 王健[1] 易可华 ZHANG Yu1,LIU Qing1,ZHENG Fang2,HU Xiao-dan1,WANG Zhi1,XU Ying-jie1,WANG Jian1,YI Ke-hua1(1.Fengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201499 ; 2.Shanghai Municipal Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海201499 [2]上海市公共卫生临床中心,上海201508

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2018年第2期252-255,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2012-2015年上海市奉贤区手足口病聚集性疫情流行病学特征,为采取有效防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集、整理并分析2012-2015年上海市奉贤区手足口病聚集性疫情相关资料,探讨相关影响因素和防控措施。结果 2012-2015年奉贤区共报告和调查处置手足口病聚集性疫情223起,其中托幼机构221起,占疫情总数的99.10%,平均罹患率为9.60%。奉贤区手足口病聚集性疫情总体上每年呈现3-6月和9-12月两个报告高峰。城乡结合部与城镇比较,差异有统计学意义,城乡结合部高于城镇(χ~2=5.712,P<0.05);城镇与农村比较,差异有统计学意义,城镇高于农村(χ~2=5.309,P<0.05)。从报告来源分析,托幼机构或学校主动报告占比较低(11.66%),应引起重视。采用"下沉管理"模式,4例及以下病例数疫情与5例及以上病例数疫情比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.543,P>0.05)。每起疫情的响应时间长短与疫情持续时间相关性的比较,差异有统计学意义,呈正相关(r=0.449,P<0.05)。引起2012-2015年奉贤区手足口病聚集性疫情的病原体以Cox Al6为主,其次为EV71和其它肠道病毒。结论奉贤区手足口病聚集性疫情有"大小年"特征,防控重点在城乡结合部。基层单位应主动报告并及早果断采取措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of clustering epidemics of hand foot mouth disease（HFMD）in Fengxian District of Shanghai during 2012-2015 for providing scientific basis for effective control and prevention.Methods By depiction and analysis of the related data of HFMD in Shanghai during 2012-2015,we explored the related factors and prevention measures. Results 223 clustering epidemics of HFMD occurred in Fengxian District during 2012-2015,with an average attack rate of 9.60%,and of which 221 ones in nurseries（accounting for 99.10%）. The epidemiological data showed two peaks of clustering epidemics of HFMD yearly in Fengxian,from March to June and from September to December. The number of clustering epidemics was higher in the conjugations of urban and rural than that in urban（χ^2=5.712,P〈0.05）,and was higher in urban than in rural areas（χ^2=5.309,P〈0.05）. Fewer of epidemics were actively reported by the nurseries or schools（11.66%）. The＂sinking management＂model did not bring about an increase of epidemics of 5 cases and over（χ^2=0.543,P〈0.05）. The responding speed and the epidemic duration was positively related（r=0.449,P〈0.05）. The main pathogen of the clustering epidemics of HFMD in 2012-2015 in Fengxian District was Cox Al6,followed by EV71 and the other enteroviruses. Conclusion The HFMD in Fengxian District has＂epidemic size＂characteristics,and prevention and control should be focused on urban and rural areas. Grassroots units should take the initiative to report and take decisive measures as soon as possible.

关 键 词：手足口病 聚集性疫情 流行特征 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]